1. DO NOW!! How does a compass relate to the body?
Hint: Think about what the purpose of a compass is.

2. Objectives To define anatomy and physiology
To explain the relative body positions and be able to use them in describing the body parts
To identify the 3 types of body planes
To locate the different body regions

3. “Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology” Section 1.7
Chapter 1
“Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology”
Section 1.7

4. Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy: branch of science that deals with the structure of body parts.
Physiology: concerns the functions of body parts

5. Anatomical Position Body is standing erect Upper limbs at sides
**Why is this important?!
Body is standing erect
Upper limbs at sides
Palms forward

6. Which is the right side of the heart??

7. Relative positions 1. Superior: 2. Inferior: “above”
Ex: your nose is superior to your mouth
2. Inferior:
“below”
Ex: your mouth is inferior to your nose

8. Relative positions 3. Anterior/ventral: 4. Posterior/dorsal:
“in front”
Ex: your eyes are anterior to your brain
4. Posterior/dorsal:
“in back”
Ex: the pharynx is posterior to the oral cavity

9. Relative positions 5. Medial: 6. Lateral:
Closer to the center of the body
Ex: your nose is medial to your eyes
6. Lateral:
Farther away from the center of the body
Ex: your ears are lateral to your eyes

10. Relative positions 7. Proximal: 8. Distal:
body part that is closer to a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part.
Ex: the elbow is proximal to the wrist
8. Distal:
Body part that is farther from a point of attachment to the trunk than another body part.
Ex: the fingers are distal to the wrist

11. Relative positions 9. Superficial: 10. Deep: Near the surface
Ex: your epidermis is the most superficial layer of skin. “superficial wound” is on this surface.
10. Deep:
Describes parts that are more internal than superficial parts.
Ex: the dermis is the deep layer of skin. A “deep wound” would be more problematic and possibly require stitches.

12. Other similar terms 11. Cranial: 12. Caudal: 13. Ipsilateral:
Toward the skull/head
12. Caudal:
Toward the tail
13. Ipsilateral:
on the same side
14. Contralateral:
on the opposite side

13. Other similar terms 15. Prone: 16. Supine:
Lying down facing down (on your stomach)
16. Supine:
Lying down facing up (on your back)

14. Do Now!! 
Try your best to write a sentence for each of the following words. When possible, use anatomical parts in the sentence. Use different examples we haven’t discussed!
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior
- Medial
- Lateral
- Distal
-Proximal

15. Body sections (planes)
1. Sagittal
Divides body into left and right portions lengthwise
2. Transverse/Horizontal
Divides body into superior and inferior portions
3. Coronal/Frontal
Divides body into anterior and posterior portions

16. Guess the Planes: coronal, sagittal, or transverse?

17. Types of Tissue Sections
Longitudinal Section:
Tissue cut along the longest direction of an organ
Cross Section:
Tissue cut perpendicular to the length of an organ
Oblique Section:
Tissue cut at an angle

18. Crash Course

19. Did someone say playdoh!?
You and your partner need to create a person in the anatomical position

20. Do Now Please hand in your flipbooks into the bin on my desk.
Then grab the worksheet, and begin labeling all of the parts that you know. Try to include BOTH the scientific name of each part and what they mean.

21. General Body Organization
Axial Portion- head, neck, trunk
Appendicular Portion- limbs
Each area has a “region”
Several cavities
Layers of membranes within cavities
Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities
*Viscera: internal organs (visceral organs)

22. Do Now
Take a couple minutes and review yesterdays body regions.

23. Body regions Terms describing different areas of the body…
Fill the terms in on your diagram as we go through them!

24. Anterior View
(Front)
Posterior View
(Back)

25. Body Cavities Dorsal= back side Ventral= front side
Body cavities are spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs
Dorsal= back side
Cranial and vertebral cavities
Ventral= front side
Thoracic: chest (heart, trachea, lungs)
Abdomen: stomach area (stomach, spleen, liver, SI and most of LI)
Pelvic: lower abdomen (some LI, bladder, reproductive organs)
*Diaphragm: separates thoracic and abdominopelvic regions.

26. Do Now Please grab two different colored pencils!!
Then take out the diagram you started to label yesterday.

27. Labeling Body Cavities

28. Labeling Body Cavities

29. Mediastinum

30. Membranes 1. Serous Membranes: two layered, covers organs
Visceral = inner layer (like your sock)
Parietal = outer layer (like your shoe)

31. Membranes (cont.) Heart = “pericardium” Lungs = “pleura”
Peritoneum= other organs (abdominal)

32. Abdominal region
The abdominal region can be separated even further.

33. Do Now
Given what you know about medical imaging, match the pictures in the top row with what they represent in the bottom row. B C A E D
CAT Scan MRI PET Scan
X Ray Sonogram

34. Medical Imaging
Medical imaging involves techniques that allow physicians to view images of the human body
This allows physicians to diagnose anatomical and physiological abnormalities

35. Do Now Look at the two diagrams, and answer the questions below.
Type of medical image?
Diagnose this patient.
Type of medical image?
Type of body section?
Diagnose this patient.

37. Station 14