1. Photosynthesis
How do plants obtain and use the matter and energy they need to live and grow?

2. Assessing Prior Knowledge (APK)
What is the process plants use to create chemical energy?
What products do plants need to create chemical energy?
What cell organelle is responsible for creating chemical energy in a plant?
What waste products do plants create?
What types of plant matter can plants make using this process?

3. Hook: Photosynthesis song
Grab a photosynthesis song sheet
Put on the left hand side of your notebook

4. Why is this important?
Organisms require energy to grow, reproduce, and perform life processes.
Nearly all of the energy used by organisms comes from the Sun.
Energy is then transferred from one organisms to another via trophic interactions
One organism eats the parts or products of another organism

5. Pathways of Energy Flow
At the molecular level, two biochemical pathways lie at the center of energy flow:
Photosynthesis – energy from the sun enters the ecosystem
Cellular respiration – process of turning the products of photosynthesis into energy that cells can use to perform work

7. Photosynthesis Chemical Reaction
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are chemical reactions.
Each chemical reaction has reactants and products.
Reactants are the starting materials for a reaction and products are the materials created by the reaction.
Does not destroy or create energy or matter… they rearrange it by transferring energy from one state to another.

8. Where chlorophyll is, which converts light into energy
Photosynthesis
Plants, algae, and some bacteria perform photosynthesis.
They also don’t depend on other organisms for energy
Animals, fungi, and archaea do not.
Two major components:
Light dependent reaction
Light independent reaction
Where chlorophyll is, which converts light into energy

9. Step 1: Light Dependent Reactions
Within each chloroplast is a set of light-capturing proteins that are folded into disc-shaped stacks called thylakoids.
Light particle (photon) strikes a chlorophyll molecule, energy is transferred, and electrons are absorbed.
NADP+ (electron carrier) binds with hydrogen to form NADPH.
NADPH transfers electrons to stroma.

10. Step 2: Light Independent Reaction The Calvin Cycle
Named after Melvin Calvin, discoverer of this awesomeness 
Occurs in the stroma
Does not require light, but it does require products of previous reaction
Uses energy to convert carbon from CO2 into sugars.

11. ATP – Useable Energy
All cells use a common and versatile chemical energy currency: adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Nucleotide attached to 3 phosphate groups
Bonds between the phosphate groups store the usable energy in ATP.
Breaking off a single phosphate group releases energy and transforms ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
Photosynthesis produces a small amount of ATP by phosphorylating ADP.

13. Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic)
Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes (movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc…)

14. Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen
Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell
Total of 36 ATP molecules produced
General formula for aerobic respiration:
C6H12O O CO H2O + 36 ATP
glucose + oxygen carbon dioxide + water + energy
Human cells contain a specialized structure – the mitochondrion – that generates energy.

15. Electron Transport Chain
Electrons carried in NADH
Mitochondria
In Cytoplasm
Electrons carried in NADH and FADH2
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Glucose
Glycolysis 2 2 32

16. Summary:
3 steps:
1st glycolysis
2nd Krebs cycle
3rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

17. Anaerobic Respiration: occurs when no oxygen is available to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid)
Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration

18. Steps of Anaerobic Respiration
First step in anaerobic respiration is also glycolysis
Anaerobic Respiration
Cytoplasm
Alcoholic fermentation
Bacteria, Yeast 2 ATP
C6H12O6
glucose
glycolysis
Lactic acid fermentation
Muscle cells ATP
ETC
Mitochondria
Krebs Cycle
Aerobic Respiration
36 ATP

19. Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria and yeast
Process used in the baking and brewing
industry—yeast produces CO2 gas during
fermentation to make dough rise and give bread its
holes
glucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

20. Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cells
Lactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues—causes burning sensation in muscles
glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP

21. Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Kind of energy?
Where do these reactions occur?
Outcome of the reaction?