1. Ch 1, Sec. II. – Greek Philosophers.
“It was Greek to Me”

2. A. Three great philosophers.
(Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle)

3. Rodin’s “The Thinker” (1881)

4. a) Questioned all things, including authority. b) Encouraging critical
1. Socrates –
a) Questioned all things,
including authority.
b) Encouraging critical
thinking.
Circa 470 BC–399 BC.
Ancient Greek philosopher who is widely credited for laying
the foundation for Western philosophy.
 Found guilty for corrupting the youth of Athens and sentenced
to death by drinking a mix of the poisonous hemlock.
 Influenced other philosophers through ages.

5. ? c) Socratic Method.  Teaching by asking a series of questions!
 Socrates used a question-and-answer approach that became
known as the Socratic method.

6. The Death of Socrates, by Jacques-Louis David (1787).
Socrates points to the sky, confirming his faith in the immortality of the soul.

7. b) Service to community above personal goals.
2. Plato.
a) Wrote from memory several dialogues (conversations) between Socrates & his students.
b) Service to community above personal goals.
c) Too much freedom = social disorder.
c BC.
Disliked Athenian democracy, preferred Sparta’s gov’t.
Rejected senses as source of truth: only trusted ideas understood through logic/reasoning.

8. ii. Distrusted lower classes.
d) The Republic
i. 1st political science book.
ii. Distrusted lower classes.
iii. “philosopher-kings” - Only intelligent & educated citizens should participate in gov’t.
 Plato introduced the colon (:) in 400 BC.

9. a) Taught by Plato, but rejected many of Plato’s ideas.
“He who trusts any man with supreme power gives it to a wild beast,
… but law is reason without desire...”
-- Aristotle
3. Aristotle.
a) Taught by Plato, but rejected many of Plato’s ideas.
b) Laws for justice. BC
Believed earth was center of solar system.
1st to (a) observe facts, (b) classify them according to similarities/ differences, and (c) develop generalizations from data.
Aristotle first introduced a break / beginning of new topic with the paragraph in 360 BC.

10. Aristotle’s View of the Universe

12. School of Athens, Raphael

13. Plato Aristotle