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Bio 369: Plant Physiology William Terzaghi Spring 2017
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COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work.
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Understanding how plants work.
Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2
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Understanding how plants work.
Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2 5% (max) can be stored in organics
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Understanding how plants work.
Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2 5% (65W/m2) can be stored Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour)
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Understanding how plants work.
Solar input = 1.3 kW/m2 5% (65W/m2) can be stored Humans consume ~ 100 W (360,000 J/hour) Plants must have high surface area & low metabolism
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Understanding how plants work.
Photosynthesis
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Understanding how plants work.
Photosynthesis Nutrition
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Understanding how plants work.
Photosynthesis Nutrition Metabolism
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Understanding how plants work.
Photosynthesis Nutrition Metabolism Growth & development
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COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work. 2) Understanding how plant biologists work. Method
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COURSE OVERVIEW 1) Understanding how plants work. 2) Understanding how plant biologists work. Method Technology
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Plan A Standard lecture & canned lab course
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Plan B Standard lecture course, except:
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Plan B Standard lecture course, except: Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives
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Plan B Standard lecture course, except: Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives Last 4 labs will be an independent research project
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Plan B Standard lecture course, except: Last lectures will be chosen by you -> electives Last 4 labs will be an independent research project 20% of grade will be “elective” Paper Talk Research proposal Poster Exam
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Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us.
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Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. Phytoremediation Atrazine and other triazine herbicides 2nd most widely used herbicide in US Endocrine disruptor
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Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. Phytoremediation Atrazine and other triazine herbicides 2nd most widely used herbicide in US Endocrine disruptor Find or make plants that destroy or mop them up?
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Plan C Phytoremediation Atrazine and other triazine herbicides Neonicotinoid pesticides (e.g. imidacloprid) Bind nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Used on most crops: 95% of corn, > 50% of soy Cause bee colony collapse?
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Plan C Phytoremediation Atrazine and other triazine herbicides Neonicotinoid pesticides (e.g. imidacloprid) Bind nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Used on most crops: 95% of corn, > 50% of soy Cause bee colony collapse? Find or make plants that destroy or mop them up?
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Plan C Phytoremediation Atrazine and other triazine herbicides Neonicotinoid pesticides (e.g. imidacloprid) Metals, other mine or fracking waste? Find or make plants that destroy or mop them up?
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Plan C Phytoremediation Plant products – can we make jalapenos hotter? N- deprivation made short plants, normal radishes S - deprivation made normal plants, no radishes Shaking 1 min 3x/week stunted garlics, but no other plants Punching leaves with a hole punch made jalapenos hotter
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Plan C Phytoremediation Plant products – can we make jalapenos hotter? Biofuels Biodiesel (or other hydrocarbons)? Increasing oil production
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Plan C Phytoremediation Plant products – can we make jalapenos hotter? Biofuels Biodiesel (or other hydrocarbons)? Increasing oil production Increasing production of biodiesel
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Plan C Phytoremediation Plant products Biofuels Biodiesel? Electricity? Hydrogen?
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Plan C Phytoremediation Plant products Biofuels Effects of seed spacing on seed germination Arabidopsis germinated much better in groups of 6 than by themselves, but mutant didn’t mind
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Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. Phytoremediation Plant products Biofuels Effects of seed spacing on seed germination Climate/CO2 change Effects of elevated CO2 on various plant processes C3 vs C4 vs CAM?
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Plan C We will pick a problem in plant biology and see where it takes us. Phytoremediation Plant products Biofuels Effects of seed spacing on seed germination Climate/CO2 change Stress responses/stress avoidance Improving food production Biotechnology Plant movements Plant signaling (including neurobiology) Flowering? Something else?
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Plan C Pick a problem
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Plan C Pick a problem Pick some plants to study
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Plan C Pick a problem Pick some plants to study Design some experiments
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Plan C Pick a problem Pick some plants to study Design some experiments See where they lead us
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Plan C Pick a problem Pick some plants to study Design some experiments See where they lead us Grading? Combination of papers and presentations
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Plan C Grading? Combination of papers and presentations First presentation: 5 points Research presentation: 10 points Final presentation: 15 points Assignments: 5 points each Poster: 10 points Intermediate report 10 points Final report: 30 points Alternatives Paper(s) instead of 1 or two presentations Research proposal instead of a presentation One or two exams?
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BIO 369- Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Office: SLC 363/CSC228 Office hours: MWF 12-1 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in CSC228, or by appointment Phone: (570)
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BIO 369 - Resource and Policy Information
Instructor: Dr. William Terzaghi Office: SLC 363/CSC228 Office hours: MWF 12-1 in SLC 363, TR 1-2 in CSC228, or by appointment Phone: (570) Course webpage:
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Vegetative Plant Structure
3 Parts Leaf Stem Root
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Vegetative Plant Structure
3 tissue types Dermal Ground Vascular Cells do most of the work in plants!
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Vegetative Plant Structure
3 Parts Leaf Cuticle = lipid barrier
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Vegetative Plant Structure
3 Parts Leaf Cuticle = lipid barrier Epidermis = barrier cells
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Leaf Structure Cuticle = lipid barrier Epidermis = barrier cells Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells
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Leaf Structure Cuticle = lipid barrier Epidermis = barrier cells Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells
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Leaf Structure Cuticle = lipid barrier Epidermis = barrier cells Stomate = gate controlled by guard cells Mesophyll = photosynthetic cells Bundle Sheath = control import/export
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Leaf Structure Bundle Sheath = control import/export Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead!
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Leaf Structure Bundle Sheath = control import/export Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead! Phloem = photosynthate
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Leaf Structure Vascular tissue = plumbing Xylem = water & inorganics Dead! Phloem = photosynthate Live!
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Plant Structure C4 Kranz anatomy = less mesophyll, more bundle sheath
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Veg.Plant Structure 3 Parts Leaf Stem
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Vegetative Plant Structure
3 Parts Leaf Stem Apical meristems create new shoot cells
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Vegetative Plant Structure
Stem Apical meristems create new shoot cells Vascular cambium creates new xylem & phloem
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Vegetative Plant Structure
Stem Apical meristems create new shoot cells Vascular cambium creates new xylem & phloem Cork cambium creates bark
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Vegetative Plant Structure
3 Parts Leaf Stem Root Root cap protects tip
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Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells
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Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells Apical meristem adds new cells
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Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells Apical meristem adds new cells Root hairs take up water & nutrients
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Root Structure Root cap protects tip Quiescent center provides reserve cells Apical meristem adds new cells Root hairs take up water & nutrients Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water & solutes to enter cells
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Root Structure Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water & solutes to enter cells Apoplast = space between cells
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Root Structure Casparian strip in endodermis forces all water & solutes to enter cells Apoplast = space between cells Symplast = cytoplasm (continuous t/o plant through plasmodesmata)
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Plant Cell Theory 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells
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Plant Cell Theory 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2) Cell is smallest living organizational unit
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Plant Cell Theory 1) All organisms are composed of one or more cells 2) Cell is smallest living organizational unit 3) Cells arise by division of preexisting cells
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active 6) Respond to stimuli
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active 6) Respond to stimuli 7) Homeostasis
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Plant Cells 1) Highly complex and organized 2) Metabolism 3) Reproduction 4) Heredity 5) Mechanically active 6) Respond to stimuli 7) Homeostasis 8) Very small
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Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion
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Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion surface/volume ratio
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Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion 2) surface/volume ratio surface area increases more slowly than volume
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Why are cells so small? 1) many things move inside cells by diffusion 2) surface/volume ratio surface area increases more slowly than volume exchange occurs only at surface eventually have insufficient exchange for survival
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Plant Cells Cell walls Carbohydrate barrier surrounding cell
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Plant Cells Cell walls Carbohydrate barrier surrounding cell Protects & gives cell shape
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Plant Cells Cell walls Carbohydrate barrier surrounding cell Protects & gives cell shape 1˚ wall made first mainly cellulose
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Plant Cells Cell walls Carbohydrate barrier surrounding cell Protects & gives cell shape 1˚ wall made first mainly cellulose 2˚ wall made after growth stops
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Plant Cells Cell walls Carbohydrate barrier surrounding cell Protects & gives cell shape 1˚ wall made first mainly cellulose 2˚ wall made after growth stops Lignins make it tough
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Plant Cells Cell walls Carbohydrate barrier surrounding cell Protects & gives cell shape 1˚ wall made first mainly cellulose 2˚ wall made after growth stops Lignins make it tough Middle lamella = space between 2 cells Plasmodesmata = gaps in walls that link cells
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Plant Cells Plasmodesmata = gaps in walls that link cells Lined with plasma membrane
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Plant Cells Plasmodesmata = gaps in walls that link cells Lined with plasma membrane Central tubule joins ER of both cells
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