1. (−)-Epicatechin reduces blood pressure increase in high-fructose-fed rats: effects on the determinants of nitric oxide bioavailability 
Maria C. Litterio, Marcela A. Vazquez Prieto, Ana M. Adamo, Rosana Elesgaray, Patricia I. Oteiza, Monica Galleano, Cesar G. Fraga 
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 
Volume 26, Issue 7, Pages (July 2015)
DOI: /j.jnutbio
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Effect of dietary (−)-epicatechin on aorta NADPH-dependent superoxide anion production and p47phox subunit expression in HF-fed rats. (A) Superoxide anion production measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence in aortic homogenates from Control, HF and HF-EC groups after 8 weeks of treatment. Results are expressed as the difference between AUC in the presence and the absence of SOD. (B–C) Quantification and representative images of p47phox immunohistochemistry from Control, HF and HF-EC groups. Left column shows p47phox protein (red). Central column shows elastin autofluorescence (green). Right column shows the p47phox protein (red) merged with elastin autofluorescence (green). In all the images, blue fluorescence indicates nuclear staining with Hoechst. Values are shown as means±S.E.M. (n=4 per group). *P<.05 with respect to Control and HF-EC groups.
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry  , DOI: ( /j.jnutbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Effect of dietary (−)-epicatechin on aortic expression of NOX subunits in HF-fed rats. Western blot of (A) p47phox, (B) p22phox and (C) NOX4 in aortic homogenates from Control, HF and HF-EC groups after 8 weeks of treatment. β-Tubulin levels were measured as loading control. Values are shown as means±S.E.M. (n=6 per group). *P<.05 with respect to Control and HF-EC groups.
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry  , DOI: ( /j.jnutbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Effect of dietary (−)-epicatechin on NO-production-related parameters in aorta from HF-fed rats. (A) NOS activity; Western blot of (B) eNOS, (C) p-eNOS (Ser1177) and (D) caveolin-1 in aortic homogenates from Control, HF and HF-EC groups after 8 weeks of treatment. β-tubulin levels were measured as loading control for e-NOS and caveolin-1. Values are shown as means±S.E.M. (n=5 per group). *P<.05 with respect to Control and HF-EC groups. &P<.05 with respect to Control and HF groups. #P<.05 with respect to Control group.
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry  , DOI: ( /j.jnutbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Effect of dietary (−)-epicatechin on aorta MAPKs signaling pathways in HF-fed rats. Western blot of (A) p-ERK (Tyr204), (B) p-JNK (Thr183/Tyr185) and (C) p-p38 (Thr180/Tyr182) in aortic homogenates from Control, HF and HF-EC groups after 8 weeks of treatment. Results are expressed as the ratio of phosphorylated/total protein level. Values are shown as means±S.E.M. (n=5 per group). *P<.05 with respect to Control and HF-EC groups.
Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry  , DOI: ( /j.jnutbio )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. Terms and Conditions