1. Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism Considered “father” of psychology
Founder of modern psychology
Opened a laboratory (Leipzig, Germany ) devoted exclusively to psychological experiments.
show that psychology could be a valid experimental science
Introspection
training people to carefully and objectively as possible analyze the content of their own thoughts.
E.B. Titchener was a student and founder of Structuralism
First prominent system for organizing psychological beliefs

2. Sigmund Freud Psychoanalytic Founder of the psychoanalytic perspective
Founder - the Id, Ego and Superego (personality)
Contemporary version is called psychodynamic perspective)
Believed that abnormal behavior originated from unconscious drives and conflicts
Differed two ways from other perspectives
Focused on abnormal behavior
Relied on personal observation and reflections

3. William James Functionalism
First American psychologist and author of the first psychology textbook.
Often called the father of American psychology
James-Lange theory of emotion
suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events.

4. B.F. Skinner Behaviorist
American psychologist focused on the role of responses to learning
Best known for operant conditioning
Behaviors were dependent upon what happens after the response
Schedules of reinforcement are an important component of the learning process.
When and how often we reinforce a behavior can have a dramatic impact on the strength and rate of the response.
Skinner Box - rat learns to obtain food by pressing a lever.

5. John B. Watson Founder of Behaviorism The Little Albert Experiment
Watson’s work made psychology more objective and scientific in its methods.

6. Carl Rogers
Humanism
Best-known for his nondirective approach to treatment known as client-centered therapy
Emphasized conscious experience as the proper focus of psychology

7. Ivan Pavlov Behaviorist Classical Conditioning Pavlov’s Dogs
Fueled a move in psychology toward interest in observable behavior and away from the self- examination of inner ideas and experiences

8. Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Erik Erikson
Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
Hopes: Trust vs. Mistrust (Oral-sensory, Birth-2 years)
Will: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt ( 2-4 years)
Purpose: Initiative vs. Guilt ( Preschool, 4- 5 years)
Competence: Industry vs. Inferiority ( years)
Fidelity: Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, years)
Love: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adulthood, 20-24, or years)
Care: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle adulthood, 25-64, or years)
Wisdom: Ego Integrity vs. Despair (Late adulthood, 65-death)

9. Lawrence Kohlberg (1927-1987) 1. Preconventional Moral Reasoning
Stages of Moral Development
1. Preconventional Moral Reasoning
2. Conventional Moral Reasoning
3. Postconventional Moral Reasoning

10. Stages of Cognitive Develpomant
Jean Piaget
Stages of Cognitive Develpomant
Sensorimotor stage: from birth to age two
Preoperational stage: starts when the child begins to learn to speak at age two and lasts up until the age of seven
Concrete operational stage: from ages seven to eleven
Formal operational stage: from age eleven to sixteen and onwards