2. What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are infections that are spread from person to person through sexual contact.
They are commonly called Sexually Transmitted Infections once a person contracts them
Sexually transmitted diseases are also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

3. What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
There are over 20 known STI’s
Young people between the ages of account for over 50% of all new infections each year
Which also equates to approximately 1 in 4 (25% of high school) students will contract an STI at some point
(some high school students are repeat patients)
Sexually transmitted diseases are also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

4. To protect yourself from STD’s….
The only 100 percent effective method of protecting yourself from the harmful consequences of sexual activity is abstinence from sexual activity before marriage.
In addition..if you are going to be sexually active
You need to…….
The media often portray sexual activity as exciting and important in a relationship. However, what they don’t often reveal is the high costs of sexual activity before marriage.
Lead a class discussion on the portrayal of sexual activity in the media.

5. Monogamous long term relationship ……
Monogamous long term relationship
Latex or Poly Condoms (male or female) during intercourse and condoms/dental dams during oral sex
Check ups every 4-6 months/year
Speak to your partners about past partners

6. What Are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Generally and simplistically speaking,
there are 4 causes of STI’s
Viruses Bacteria Parasites Fungus
This Powerpoint will discuss the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases that infect
Young people
Sexually transmitted diseases are also known as sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

7. When you know the facts about STDs, you have the power to avoid them.
Someone who has an STI may not have visible symptoms or may have symptoms that come and go. However, such a person may be contagious even when there are no symptoms.
Even curable STI’s can make a person sterile or infertile
Click to display some facts about STDs.
A person who suspects that he or she is infected with an STD must see a doctor.
Not all STIs are curable, and some are even fatal.
STDs can be prevented by avoiding sexual activity
and by not injecting drugs.
Some STI’s can be spread via non sexual ways

8. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Most Common Viral
(caused by a virus)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
HIV
HPV
Herpes
Hepatitis B

9. HIV and AIDS
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS.
AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a deadly disease that interferes with body’s ability to fight infection.
A person who is infected with HIV may not show any signs of illness for long time.
An average of ten years may pass before AIDS develops.

10. HIV is almost always spread in one of the following ways:
The Spread of HIV
HIV is almost always spread in one of the following ways:
Sexual Activity with an infected person.
Sharing or using a contaminated needle.
Contact between infected Blood and your blood
From mother to child, before birth, during birth, or through breast feeding
Explain the points on the slide further using the following explanation:
Having any form of sexual intercourse with an infected person. This is the most common way of becoming infected. Since HIV circulates in the bloodstream and in other body fluids, such as semen and vaginal fluid, an infected person can pass on the virus even if he or she has no symptoms. People who have sex with multiple partners are at highest risk. Avoiding sexual intercourse is the only sure way to protect against this method of transmission.
Using a contaminated needle. A drop of blood left on a needle can transmit the virus. To protect against this method of transmission, people should avoid injecting drugs, and make sure that any procedure involving needles or blood is performed by a health care professional.
Other modes of transmission. In rare cases, HIV is transmitted through transfusions of blood received from an infected person. Most people infected with HIV in this way were infected before Since then, all donated blood in the United States has been routinely tested for HIV. A treatment is available that reduces the chances of an infected mother transmitting HIV to her unborn child.

11. How HIV Is Not Spread Through the air Sharing utensils or dishes
with an infected person
Bites from
insects
Swimming
Click to display the ways in which HIV does not spread.
Nonsexual
contact
Donating blood
Using the same
Items

12. HIV and AIDS (cont’d.)
HIV and AIDS damage the body in the following way:
Even before the infected person starts showing signs of illness, the virus seriously damages the infected person’s immune system.
When the system’s defenses are critically weakened, the body becomes unable to fight off other infections and diseases, which eventually prove fatal.

13. How HIV Attacks the T-Lymphocyte White Blood Cells
1 Virus invades and destroys T cell.
2 Virus multiplies and destroys more T cells.
Click to display how HIV attacks the body.
After the virus enters the body through the mucous membranes or a break in the skin, HIV invades a host cell – a T cell–using the cell’s resources to reproduce itself. When that T cell is activated, it will start producing more of the virus instead of performing T-cell functions. Eventually the host cell is destroyed.
The virus multiplies within the body. More and more T cells are destroyed.
As the number of T cells drops, the immune system gets weaker and weaker. The body loses its ability to resist infections and diseases that a healthy immune system could fight off.
3 The immune system loses its ability to fight infection.

14. Battling AIDS
Scientists, health care professionals, educators, and many others have joined the fight against AIDS.
Combinations of powerful drugs can dramatically reduce HIV levels in the blood and prolong the life expectancy of many HIV-infected people. They are however very expensive and have many possible side effects
But….there is still NO CURE for HIV/AIDS.
Other drugs can help control infections in people with AIDS. However, many of these drugs have serious side effects, and they do not work for everyone. These drugs are also very expensive.

15. Battling AIDS (cont’d.)
Scientists are also working to develop an HIV vaccine. However, because the virus occurs in many forms, a vaccine that works against one form of HIV may not work against another.
With neither a cure* for AIDS nor an effective HIV vaccine currently available, educating people about preventing the spread of HIV is crucial.
*There has been some success on a VERY small scale in eradicating the disease via bone marrow transplant from a very specific Norwegian sub culture but it is a non functional cure…that is, not realistic to offer to all people and not able to be duplicated in a lab setting yet)
Most researchers believe that the development of an effective vaccine for HIV is still many years away.
Health care professionals, educators, and workers in federal, state, and local governments are making an all-out effort to teach the public how HIV is spread and how its transmission can be prevented.

16. Human papilloma virus (HPV).
Genital warts are growths or bumps in the genital area caused by certain types of the human papilloma virus (HPV).
Many people will not develop genital warts until long after they have been exposed, so they may not know that they are passing the virus to others.
HPV infection is the most common STD in the United States. The infection cannot be cured, although the warts can be treated.

17. Human papilloma virus (HPV).
Over 50 million cases report in America in 2014
Most prevalent Virus Caused STI
(2nd most prevelant in overall STI in Philadelphia)
There are over 170 strains of the HPV virus
Approximately 40 of them cause Genital Warts
Approximately 10 of them cause Cervical Cancer
(Ernie Peacock, 11/2/2015m CDC consultante to SDoP)
HPV infection is the most common STD in the United States. The infection cannot be cured, although the warts can be treated.

18. Pics of Genital Warts

19. Human papilloma virus (HPV).continued
There is currently a vaccine (most commonly called Gardisil) that protects against 2 strains of HPV that cause 75% of cervical cancer cases and 2 more types that cause 90% of genital Warts cases
There are many possible side effects and controversy…do research before getting it
See the HPV sites and videos on website for more information

20. On a side note: Blue Waffles
Blue Waffles is a MADE UP Internet Myth. It is NOT a real Sexually Transmitted Infection.
Most pictures of Blue Waffles are blue tinted or blue painted Genital Warts
It was created as a hoax to scare young people into using condoms

21. Herpes Simplex Virus
SEVERAL STRANDS OF HSV including strands commonly associated with fever blisters
Genital herpes is a viral STD that produces painful blisters in the genital area.
The herpes virus may remain inactive in a person’s body, causing no symptoms.
Some people, though, have periodic outbreaks of painful blisters or sores.
Genital herpes can be transmitted to others whether or not symptoms are present. There is no cure for genital herpes, but medications can relieve symptoms.

22. Genital herpes continued

23. Genital herpes continued

24. Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B is a liver disease that can be transmitted through sexual contact.
It is basically an inflammation of the liver and the liver is one of the Vital Organs needed for life.
It is spread much the same way as HIV
a vaccine is available.
See CDC video concerning Hep B from website
For more details

25. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Most Common Bacterial
(caused by Bacteria)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Gonorrhea

27. STI’s in Philly In 2010, the prevalence of
Sexually Transmitted Infections found in
High School age students at free clinics in Philadelphia, prompted the Philadelphia Department of Public Health to offer free
STD testing for the two most prevalent Bacterial Infections..
BOTH of which can be easily cured via treatments from Anti-Biotics if caught early

28. The Two Most Prevelant are Chlamydia and Gonnorhea
Both can be ASSYMPOTMATIC
(without symptoms)
Both CAN be fought off (after a while) by a healthy person’s immune system but not always and it usually takes a while
while infected, can be spread to others even without symptoms
Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. If left untreated, chlamydia can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and other infections.

29. The Two Most Prevelant are Chlamydia and Gonnorhea
Similar symptoms include
genital discharge (Gonorrhea tends to be thicker)
burning sensation during urination.
Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. If left untreated, chlamydia can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and other infections.

30. Chlamydia affects the reproductive organs, urethra, and anus.
It is consistently the FASTEST spreading STD in Philadelphia.
In some high schools, more than 50% of the school population have been infected according to Philadelphia Dept. of Public Health
Chlamydia can be treated with antibiotics. If left untreated, chlamydia can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and other infections.

32. Syptoms can also include a scarry rash
Gonorrhea is a bacterial STD that affects the mucous membranes of the body, particularly in the genital area.
Syptoms can also include a scarry rash
If left untreated, this infection can cause sterility in men and infertility in women along with other complications associated with area infected.
As with some other STDs, a person may be unaware that he or she is infected with gonorrhea. Gonorrhea is treated with antibiotics.

34. Syphilis is a bacterial STD that can affect many parts of the body.
There are 4 stages of the disease
Symptoms of syphilis vary as the disease progresses.
If treated early, syphilis can be cured by antibiotics. However, if left untreated, syphilis may cause brain damage, heart disease, and eventual death.

35. In stage 4, organ failure and eventual death occur.
Syphilis
Early symptoms may include only a painless sore at the site where the infection entered the body and swollen lymph glands in the genital area.
It can be cured during the first 2 of 4 stages via antibiotics. In stage 3, it lies dormant for up to 7 years.
In stage 4, organ failure and eventual death occur.
If treated early, syphilis can be cured by antibiotics. However, if left untreated, syphilis may cause brain damage, heart disease, and eventual death.

36. Stage 1 Chancer sores for Syphillis

37. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Common Parasitic
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
(not as common in Philly outside of homeless population)
Pubic Lice aka Crabs
Scabies aka “the itch”

38. Similar to bigger fleas/bed bugs
Common STDs (cont’d.)
Pubic Lice, also known Crabs are little bugs (parasites) that infest hair of the genital area and feed on blood sucked through the soft tissue of the genital area
Similar to bigger fleas/bed bugs
They can be treated by medicated creams and ointments as well as shaving and washing

40. Common STDs (cont’d.)
Scabies also known as “the itch”, can be spread by any contact, direct and in-direct. It is caused by little parasites that dig under the skin and bite to receive nourishment (just like small ticks). A generalized rash along with blisters are common signs among others. May harm immune system