1. World War I

2. Causes of the War Ethnic Nationalism Continual Imperialism
Military Strength
Alliance Systems

3. How did nationalism and imperialism lead to the out break of war?
A: Both encouraged each European nation to pursue its own interests for power.

4. Setting off the Powder Keg
28 June 1914
Archduke of Austria-Hungry Assassinated
Shot by a Serbian National
War broke out between the Austria Empire and Serbia

5. Making it Complicated
The Germans were allied with the Austrian-Hungary Empire
Kaiser Wilhelm
Germany would escalate the war
Had one of the Strongest Armies

6. Russian Involvement Germany Declared war on Russia Tsar Nicholas II
Russia was allied with Serbia
Not Well equipped for War
Could not mobilize Army very quickly

7. France Allied to Russia from the Franco-Russo Treaty
Well Trained and Updated Military
Looking for Revenge from the Franco-Prussian War
Army Doubled

8. Britain “Splendid Isolation” Wanted to Stay out of the War
Had the World’s Most Powerful Navy
“Dreadnaughts”
Alliances and Belgium Neutrality brought Britain into the War

9. Ottoman Empire Considered the “Sick man” of Europe
Followed very traditional Islam
Much like Russia, not prepared for a major war
Subject to Revolution

10. 1879 The Dual Alliance                                         Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia
1881 Austro-Serbian Alliance                                      Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to stop Russia gaining control of Serbia
1882 The Triple Alliance                                          Germany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia
1914 Triple Entente (no separate peace)                                      Britain, Russia and France agreed not to sign for peace separately.
                                                                                      
1894 Franco-Russian Alliance                                       Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary
1907 Triple Entente                                          This was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany.
1907 Anglo-Russian Entente                                         This was an agreement between Britain and Russia
1904 Entente Cordiale                                         This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain.

11. Sides are Drawn Triple Entente (Allies) Central Powers Germany
The United Kingdom
France
Russia
Later allies
Italy (1915)
Australia
United States (1917)
Central Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary
The Ottoman Empire

12. War Hopes and Desires Before WWI
Quick Victory: much like the Franco-Prussian War of 1871
A Decisive War, a very short fight between nations
“A war to end all Wars”
After WWI
War will last over 4 years
Devastating to much of Europe
Millions killed
Did not end all wars, WWII

13. Rifles and Pistols German 1898 Mauser British Enfield US Springfield
French Carbines
German Lugers
French and British Revolvers
1911 Colt .45
(US Made and Mr. Romani’s Favorite)

14. Artillery and Mortars Artillery Ruled the Battlefield
Range 1 to 26 miles
2nd Killer next to Rifles
Millions of Tons of Shells fired throughout the war
Support Infantry advancements
The Paris Gun

15. Machine Guns First Time effective use
Could Lay down 600 rounds per minute
Used in nests and bunkers
Tended to be grouped like artillery

16. Poison Gas First Time Use on the Battlefield
Created a Horrific results and effects
Hard to employ in battle
Became Illegal by Geneva Convention after the War

17. Trench Warfare Both Armies dug in for a long War
Restricts both movement and advancements
“No man’s land”
“Going over the Top”
Counter Attacks
(Prelude…Siege of St. Petersburg, VA)

18. Tanks Rhombus shaped Very Slow Had either machine guns or cannons
Vulnerable to war hazards and engineers
Who came up with the idea?
Da Vinci

19. Naval Warfare British Dreadnaughts Rules the Seas
German counter act with U-Boats
First time submarines are used in Warfare
Germans use unrestricted submarine warfare

20. New Technology in War Telegraph Gas Masks Aviation Railways
Anti-Aircraft Guns
Zeppelins and Blimps