1. The Protestant Reformation
What conditions encourage the growth of revolutions?
Chapter Intro 3

2. Content Vocabulary Christian humanism salvation indulgence Lutheranism
Section 3-Key Terms

3. People, Places, and Events
Martin Luther
Desiderius Erasmus
Wittenberg
Ninety-five Theses
Edict of Worms
Charles V
Bohemia
Hungary
Peace of Augsburg
Section 3-Key Terms

4. Prelude to Reformation
Christian humanism and Desiderius Erasmus paved the way for the Protestant Reformation.
Section 3

5. Prelude to Reformation (cont.)
Martin Luther – started the Reformation in the early 1500’s
During the second half of the fifteenth century, people who followed Christian humanism wanted to reform the Catholic Church.
Christian humanists believed that humans could improve themselves and thus improve society.
Humanists thought if people read the classics, especially those related to Christianity they would become more pious (religious)
This would bring change to society
Europe After the Peace of Augsburg, 1555
Section 3

6. Prelude to Reformation (cont.)
Humanist: Desiderius Erasmus – his view of religion was “the philosophy of Christ”
Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis, not just provide beliefs for them to be saved.
Does not believe pilgrimages, fasting, or relics were not important
Wrote “Praise of Folly” – criticized parts of Christianity that he believed needed to be changed.
Section 3

7. Prelude to Reformation (cont.)
Reasons for Reform of the Catholic Church:
Corruption - Catholic Popes were more concerned with politics and material goods than spiritual guidance.
Parish priests seemed ignorant of their spiritual duties.
People wanted to know how to save their souls and priests were more worried about how to increase their wealth
People wanted to know how they were going to gain salvation – entrance into heaven
Section 3

8. Prelude to Reformation (cont.)
People were told they could achieve salvation if they provided more relics to the churches.
The use of indulgences was used to avoid punishment for sin.
If a person could provide the church with 5000 relics then they would go straight to heaven
Could reduce time in purgatory by 1,443 years
Church started selling indulgences
Others focused on the Modern Devotion – stresses the need to follow the teachings of Jesus
Section 3

9. What was the main thesis of Erasmus’s The Praise of Folly?
A. Certain aspects of society and the church needed reform.
B. The Catholic Church did not need a pope.
C. Monks and nuns should be the true leaders of the Church.
D. The Church needed to update its traditions. A B C D
Section 3

10. Martin Luther
Believing in his new doctrine of salvation, Martin Luther broke from the Catholic Church and established Lutheranism.
Section 3

11. Martin Luther (cont.)
Martin Luther was a monk and professor at the University of Wittenberg in Germany.
He believed that humans would be saved by their faith in God and not by the good works done in His name.
Main teaching of Protestant Reformation: justification by faith alone (only need faith in God to go to heaven)
Section 3

12. Martin Luther (cont.)
Luther did not want to break away from the Church, only to reform it.
He wrote a list of his grievances, known as the Ninety-five Theses, and copies were sent all over Germany – complaints about indulgences
Eventually he looked for a complete break from Catholic Church
Only wanted to keep two sacraments – Baptism and Communion
Clergy could marry
Church excommunicated him in 1521
Section 3

13. Martin Luther (cont.)
Had to appear in front of legislature by the new emperor – Charles V
Tried to convince Luther to change his ideas; Luther refused.
The Edict of Worms made Luther an outlaw, and his works were banned.
Many German princes who supported Luther confiscated Catholic Church land, and a government church was established.
A new religious service which consisted of reading the Bible, preaching the word of God, and songs, became the basis of the doctrine known as Lutheranism.
Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith.
Section 3

14. How did Luther outline his grievances with the Catholic Church?
A. Edict of Worms
B. Wittenburg Policy
C. Ninety-five Theses
D. indulgences A B C D
Section 3

15. Politics in the German Reformation
Political and religious problems forced the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire to seek peace with the Lutheran princes.
Section 3

16. Politics in the German Reformation (cont.)
The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by Charles V who wanted the empire to remain Catholic.
The empire included Spain, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, the Low Countries, Milan, and Naples.
Problems with the Ottoman Turks, French rivalry, and the alliance of the German kingdoms prevented Charles from asserting military power over the Protestant Reformation in Germany.
Section 3

17. Politics in the German Reformation (cont.)
In 1555 the Peace of Augsburg ended the religious wars by accepting the division of Christianity. German rulers, but not the German people, could choose their own religion.
Section 3

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21. Figure 4

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30. urban society
a system in which cities are the center of political, economic, and social life
Vocab1

31. secular
worldly
Vocab2

32. mercenary a soldier who sells his services to the highest bidder
Vocab3

33. dowry
a gift of money or property paid at the time of marriage, either by the bride’s parents to her husband or, in Islamic societies, by a husband to his wife
Vocab4

34. instability
not steady; wavering
Vocab5

35. decline
a change to a lower state or level
Vocab6

36. humanism
an intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities, which included grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history
Vocab7

37. vernacular the language of everyday speech in a particular region
Vocab8

38. fresco a painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints
Vocab9

39. attain
to gain or achieve
Vocab10

40. style
having a distinctive quality or form
Vocab11

41. Christian humanism
a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combining classical learning (humanism) with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church
Vocab12

42. salvation
the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works
Vocab13

43. indulgence
a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death
Vocab14

44. Lutheranism
the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed; it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works; Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith
Vocab15

45. precise
exact or sharply defined
Vocab16

46. ignorant
unaware; lacking knowledge of
Vocab17

47. predestination
the belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate)
Vocab18

48. annul
declare invalid
Vocab19

49. published
printed for distribution
Vocab20

50. justification
the process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God
Vocab21

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