1. Origins of the Cold War
Chapter 26 Section 1

2. A New War
Cold War
Era of confrontation and competition b/w the US and the Soviet Union
After WWII to about 1990
The two sides had different goals of what to do in Europe after WWII

3. Soviet Goals for Europe
The Soviet Union wanted…
Keep Germany weak
Countries b/w Germany and the SU under Soviet control
Encourage communism in other nations (especially in Europe)
Paranoid that capitalist nations would eventually try to destroy communist nations

4. American Goals for Europe
The US wants…
Promote economic growth through trade b/c we blamed WWII on…
The Depression – allowed Hitler’s rise and Japan’s desire to expand their empire
Isolationism – made depression worse b/c countries cut back on trade and were forced to go to war to gain the resources they needed

5. The US wants… (2) Promoted democracy Promoted free enterprise
B/l that democratic govt. w/ protection of people’s rights made countries more stable and peaceful
Promoted free enterprise
Free enterprise system w/ private property and limited govt. intervention in the economy was the best route for prosperity

6. The Yalta Conference Yalta Conference – Issues discussed
February 1945, b/f the end of WWII
FDR, Stalin, and Churchill meet at Yalta
Yalta – a Soviet resort on the Black Sea
To plan the postwar world
Issues discussed
Poland
Declaration of Liberated Europe
Division of Germany

7. Yalta - Poland
Poland
Two govts. claiming the right to govern Poland (1 communist and 1 non-Communist)
FDR and Churchill argued the Poles should choose their own type of govt.
Stalin stated the Polish govt. had to be friendly to the Soviet Union
Eventual compromise
FDR and Churchill would recognize the communist govt. set up by the Soviets
Stalin agreed the govt. would include members of the prewar Polish govt. and that free elections would be held ASAP

8. Yalta - Europe The Declaration of Liberated Europe
Asserted “the right of all people to choose the form of govt. under which they will live”
The Allies also promised
To create temporary govts. that represented all democratic elements and pledged to have free elections of govts. as early as possible

9. Yalta – Germany Dividing Germany Divide Germany into 4 zones
Each zone would be governed by a different country (Britain, US, Soviet Union, and France
The same 4 countries would also divide Berlin
Berlin sat in the Soviet zone of Germany
Stalin demanded that Germany pay heavy reparations for the war damage of WWII
FDR agreed but wanted the payments to be based on Germany’s ability to pay
Germany to pay w/ trade goods and products instead of cash
Stalin agreed
This debate on reparations and economic policy in Germany increased tensions b/w the US and the Soviets
It would b/c one of the major causes of the Cold War

10. Tensions Begin to Rise The Soviet Union…
Pressured the King of Romania into appointing a communist govt.
Refused to allow more than 3 non-communist Poles to serve in an 18 member Polish govt.
Also, there was no indication that they planed to hold free elections as promised
US accused the Soviets of violating the Declaration of Liberated Europe

11. Truman Takes Over Truman Strongly anticommunist Suspicious of Stalin
B/l that WWII started b/c Britain tried to appease Hitler
Truman was determined not to make the same mistake w/ Stalin
Sends a message to Stalin demanding that he hold free elections in Poland as he had promised to do at Yalta

12. The Potsdam Conference
July 1945 b/f end of WWII
Truman and Stalin meet in Potsdam
Potsdam – near Berlin
To work out a deal on Germany
Regarding reparations and their economy

13. Potsdam Conference July 1945

14. Potsdam’s Goal Work out a deal on Germany
US wanted Germany’s economy to revive so they didn’t turn to communism out of desperation
Truman takes a firm stand against heavy reparations
Stalin wants Germany to pay more
Truman proposes – Soviets take reparations from their zone and allow the other zones of Germany to recover economically
Stalin refused b/c most of the Soviet zone was agricultural and could not provide all the reparations that Stalin wanted
The other zones had a lot of industry

15. The Potsdam Deal Truman and Stalin’s deal
Stalin gets a small amount of German industrial equipment from other zones, but…
The Soviets had to pay for part of it w/ food shipments from their zone
Truman accepts the new German-Polish border the Soviets had established
Truman also tells Stalin that the atomic bomb had been successfully tested
A threat!

16. The Iron Curtain
Communist countries of Eastern Europe came to be called satellite nations
Not under direct Soviet control, but they had to remain Communist and friendly to the Soviets
Satellite Nations
East Germany
Poland
Romania
Bulgaria
Albania
Yugoslavia
Hungary
Czechoslovakia