1. Sustaining Wild Species
G. Tyler Miller’s
Living in the Environment
13th Edition
Chapter 22
Dr. Richard Clements
Chattanooga State Technical Community College

2. Key Concepts Human effects on biodiversity Importance of biodiversity
How human activities affect wildlife
Management of wildlife

3. Human Impacts on Biodiversity
Fig p. 561

4. Increasing Biodiversity
Physically diverse habitat
Moderate environmental disturbance
Small variations in conditions
Middle stages of ecological succession

5. Decreasing Biodiversity
Environmental stress
Large environmental disturbance
Extreme environmental conditions
Severe limiting factors
Introduction of alien species
Geographic isolation

6. US Diversity
Fig p. 562

7. Strategies for Protecting Biodiversity
Species approach
Ecosystem approach
Fig p. 563

8. Species Extinction Local extinction Ecological extinction
Biological extinction

9. Endangered and Threatened Species
Endangered species
Threatened (vulnerable) species
Rare species
Fig p. 564
Florida manatee
Northern spotted owl (threatened)
Gray wolf
Florida panther
Bannerman's turaco (Africa)
© 2004 Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning

10. Extinction Risks Factors: population size, habitat, and genetics
Population viability analysis
Minimum viable population
Minimum dynamic area
Characteristics of extinction-prone species (refer to Fig p. 566)

11. Extinction Rates Background (natural) rate of extinction
Mass extinction
Adaptive radiations

12. Why Should We Care About Biodiversity?
Instrumental value
Intrinsic value
See Spotlight p. 571
Fig p. 569

13. Causes of Depletion of Wild Species
Human population growth
Failure to value the environment or ecological services
Increasing per capita resource use
Increasing use of Earth’s primary productivity
Poverty

14. Causes of Premature Extinction of Wild Species
Habitat degradation
Introduction of non-native species
Fig
p. 572

15. Threats from Nonnative Species
Arrival
Roles of non-
native species
Examples
(p. 576)
See Connections
p. 577 and
Case Study p. 579
Fig p. 579

16. Other Extinction Threats
Hunting and Poaching
Predators and Pest Control
Exotic Pets and Decorative Plants
Climate Change and Pollution

17. Protecting Wild Species: The Research and Legal Approaches
Bioinformatics
International Treaties: CITES
National Laws: Lacey Act Endangered Species Act
Habitat conservation plans

18. Protecting Wild Species: The Sanctuary Approach
Wildlife refuges and protected areas
Gene banks, botanical gardens, and farms
Zoos and Aquariums

19. Wildlife Management Laws regulating hunting and fishing Harvest quotas
Population management plants
Improving habitat
Treaties and laws for migrating species