1. 5.3 *Warning: Some of the photos are graphic*
The Civil War: Part I
5.3
*Warning: Some of the photos are graphic*

2. Vocab

3. Civil War Newspaper
On Learn

4. Causes for Civil War Primary Sources on Learn John C. Calhoun video

5. Lincoln’s Quote
“My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. ”

6. Democrats v. Republicans 1860s Chart
Who were the major leaders
What did they believe concerning slavery?
What area of the country did they live?
What were their goals economically? culturally? Politcally?

7. War Chart North South Nickname Leader, Capital, States Reason for war
Main Generals
Advantages/ Disadvantages
Goal, Overall Strategy
Major Battles won
Nickname
Leader, Capital, States
Reason for war
Main Generals
Advantages/ Disadvantages
Goal, Overall Strategy
Major Battles won

8. The Civil War
The Civil War started in 1861 and ended four years later in 1865
618,000 men died
Took more American lives than any other war in history.
Divided the people of the US. In some families brother fought against brother.
Left a heritage of grief and bitterness that declined very slowly and even today has not fully disappeared.
Federal government proved itself supreme over the states.

9. 5.3 *Warning: Some of the photos are graphic*
The Civil War: Part I
5.3
*Warning: Some of the photos are graphic*

14. #16 Abraham Lincoln R (1861-1865) Tallest president
First president to be assassinated
Suffered from depression
Kept things like notes, letters, and bills in his hat.
Robert Lincoln (his son) seemed to experience a lot of assassination tragedy. His father was assassinated, he was an eyewitness to the assassination of Garfield, and at the Worlds Fair during the assassination of McKinley.
His life was saved by the brother of Lincoln’s assassin.
Had visions that foresaw his own assassination.
Wrote his own speeches.

15. Confederate States of America (CSA)
SC seceded on Dec. 20, 1860
SC was followed by TX, LA, AR, TN, MS, AL, GA, FL, NC, VA in
Jefferson Davis was elected president of the CSA.
Began occupying federal buildings, post offices, forts and other federal government property

16. White House of the Confederacy Seal of the Confederacy

18. Northern View of Jeff Davis

20. Battle Research Fort Sumter 1st Bull Run Antietam Gettysburg
Siege of Vicksburg
Sherman’s March to the Sea
Chancellorsville
Chattanooga
Appomattox Courthouse
When was the battle
Where was the battle
What happened in the battle
Why is the battle important
Who won the battle

21. Fort Sumter: The War Begins
Most of the forts in the South had relinquished their power to the Confederacy, but Fort Sumter was among the two that didn’t.
its supplies were running out against a besieging South Carolinian army
Lincoln chose to send supplies to the fort,
However, to the South, provisions were reinforcements, and on April 12, 1861, cannons were fired onto the fort; after 34 hours of non-lethal firing, the fort surrendered.
Northerners were inflamed by the South’s actions, and Lincoln now called on 75,000 volunteers; so many came that they had to be turned away.
The Deep South (which had already seceded), felt that Lincoln was now waging an aggressive war, and was joined by four more Southern states: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.
The capital of the Confederacy was moved from Montgomery, AL to Richmond, VA.

22. Explosion at Fort Sumter

23. Fort Sumter

24. Fort Sumter

26. North’s vs. South’s advantages
Needs draw to win
Most talented officers
Robert E. Lee
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Few factories
Shortage of supplies
Smaller economy
Fighting for their own independence
North
Must conquer to win
Huge population
Standing army & navy
Less talented officers
Ulysses S. Grant
Many factories
More supplies
Huge economy
Large transportation system

27. Jefferson Davis vs. Abraham Lincoln
Davis’ office is weaker
Confederacy means weak national government
Davis never really that popular
Lincoln had an established government

28. Draftees First ever conscription law (draft) passed
Rich could hire substitutes by paying Congress $300 – angered poor
Draft riots (big one in New York City)
Volunteers 90% of Union Army
South started draft nearly a year before the north – also had privileges for rich. Those who owned or oversaw 20 slaves or more were exempt from the draft.

29. Buy Your Way Out of Military Service

30. Recruiting Irish Immigrants, NYC

31. Recruiting African Americans in NYC

32. NYC Draft Riots - July 13-16, 1863

33. NYC Draft Riots - July 13-16, 1863

34. NYC Draft Riots - July 13-16, 1863

35. The Civil War: Part II
5.4

36. Plans for Victory

37. Plan A: 90 Day War North thought war would last about 90 days
Thought the Confederacy would be easily defeated
July 21, 1861 – 1st Battle of Bull Run
People came from nearby DC to watch the battle over lunch. They all thought the South would turn and run immediately.
Stonewall Jackson leads Confederacy to victory
North realized it would not be a short, easy war

40. Plan B: Anaconda Plan Suffocate the South with blockade
Free slaves to attack Southern economy
Seize Mississippi River - split South and control transportation
Attack the middle by marching through Georgia and Carolinas
Capture capital – Richmond, VA
Engage as much as possible. Grind the South into submission.

42. George McClellan, Again!
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Joseph Hooker
Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
George Meade
Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan, Again!

43. The Confederate Generals Nathan Bedford Forrest
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee

44. 2nd Bull Run & Antietam
Aug 1862 – Robert E. Lee defeats Pope at 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Using Confederate victories as momentum. Lee heads North to win war
Lee looses at Antietam Creek – Sep. 1862
23,000 casualties
North wins, because they find Lee’s plans hidden as paper wrapped around cigars

47. Confederate Troubles
At first, the South was winning the War, however they had problems
South ruined by the war
Transportation collapsed
Supplies scarce
South 30% of national wealth before the war, only 12% after
Inflation hits Southern economy hard
Due to lack of resources if the South was going to win, they had to do it fast

48. Emancipation Proclamation
Jan. 1, Freed the slaves in the Confederacy
Slaves in the Union were not freed, so the only states it applied to were ones that did not recognize his authority.
Lincoln was afraid that freeing slaves in border states would cause them to join Confederacy.
However, since many slaves left their plantations, this undermined the labor and economy of the south
Now, the war wasn’t just to save the Union, it was to free the slaves a well.
Moral purpose (end slavery) to go with its political purpose (restore the union).

49. Gettysburg & Vicksburg
July 1-3, 1863 – Battle of Gettysburg
Meade vs. Lee
50,000 casualties
Confederates retreat back south
Turning point in war – mostly Union victories after this
South retreated and left the Union
July 4, Vicksburg, MS
Ulysses S. Grant
Secures Mississippi

51. Sherman General William Tecumseh Sherman Told to march through GA
Burned Atlanta
“March to the Sea” – to Savannah
Trail of destruction 1 mile wide
Cut up railroads, burned fields, destroying everything

54. Civil War Atrocities
Over time supplies ran low and the prisoner exchange ended
Prison camps on both sides reached pretty horrible conditions
Mostly due to mismanagement and the lack of supplies
Prisoners were starved, and lived in filth
The worst was the Confederate prison at Andersonville
Built for 10,000, held 45,000 by the end. 30% died
During the summer about 100 prisoners died every day
Food was so scarce that prisoners fought each other for the few supplies that were available
At Andersonville a stream that flowed through the prison named Sweet Water Branch was used at the sewer as well as for drinking and bathing.
Disease was rampant and medical treatment was nonexistent

55. Survivors of Andersonville

57. End of the War
Lee surrenders Appomattox Courthouse Apr. 9, 1865 – War over
Terms –
Confederate soldiers were not prosecuted for treason
Solders could keep their horses
Union provided food to the Confederate soldiers

59. The Hunt for John Wilkes Booth

60. Lincoln’s Assassination
Apr. 13, 1865 – shot at Ford’s Theater in DC
John Wilkes Booth
Hopes to strengthen Confederate cause
Part of a larger plot to kill many high ranking officials including the VP & Sec of State, but only Booth succeeded
Lincoln dies next day (Apr. 14, 1865)
VP Andrew Johnson becomes President
Booth was captured after running to escape. Apr. 26, 1865 he was shot while trying to shoot his way out of a barn.

64. Reconstruction Lincoln’s Reconstruction Johnson’s Reconstruction
10% plan
New State Constitution- needed to abolish slavery
Freedman’s Bureau
Johnson’s Reconstruction
Allowed any state to join without 10% plan
Pardoned southerners who swore loyalty
Had to abolish slavery, and deny Confederate debt

65. Reconstruction Victories
Rebuild the south
13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
1st African American political officials = nearly 600 black congressmen at state level, 16 at federal level!!

66. 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment
What are 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendment?
Why did we make these amendments?
Are these Amendments still relevant today? Why or why not.

67. Reconstruction Failures
Radical Republicans wanted to punish south = hot issue in Congress
Johnson Impeachment (Radical Republicans try to get him out)
Rise of Klu Klux Klan (KKK)
Ulysses S. Grant = weak president & corruption in his cabinet

68. End of Reconstruction Election of 1876 = Tilden (D) v. Hayes (R)
Election was very close = nobody won electoral college
Created a special election committee to decide = behind close door decisions
Deal = If they choose Hayes then Hayes will withdraw Federal troops from south
Deal goes through and Reconstruction ends

69. Civil War Inquiry Unit