1. Psychological Health

2. Chapter 2 Psychological Health
Please write down a comprehensive description of the first part of this chapter (before psychological disorders).
Include name and date.
Turn in at the end of class.

3. Chapter 2 Psychological Health
Learning Outcomes:
Describe the elements of psychological health
Explain what is meant by the mind-body connection
Discuss the contribution of spiritual health to psychological health
Discuss psychological disorders, focusing on anxiety and depression
Describe ways of treating psychological disorders

4. Psychological Health “Soundness of Mind”
Characterized by the absence of significant psychological problems and by the ability to function effectively in meeting life demands and to derive satisfaction from work social, relationships, and leisure pursuits
Elements include:
needs and goals
self-esteem, self-confidence, self-assertiveness
ego identity, optimism, happiness

5. Needs: What do you need to feel fulfilled?
Needs are the wellsprings of motivation.
Psychologically healthy people
set challenging but attainable goals

6. Self-esteem Core component of psychological health
Psychologically healthy people value themselves and consider themselves worthy of success; yet they recognize their deficits and limitations.
Plays critical role in the healthful choices. Eliminating unhealthy habits enhances self-esteem
A part of our self-concept
the totality of perceptions we have about the physical, psychological, spiritual, intellectual, an social parts of our being

7. The Ideal Self Our concept of what we ought to be
The greater the differences between your perception of your actual self and your ideal self on important traits, the lower your self-esteem is likely to be.

8. Psychologically Healthy People Have
Self-Confidence :
Confidence in your ability to accomplish tasks is a strong predictor of positive health outcomes.
Self-Assertiveness:
Expression of a person’s genuine feelings and beliefs, while respecting the rights and feelings of others; an active, rather than a passive, approach to life
Ego Identity:
A firm sense of who they are, what they stand for, and where they are headed in life

9. Psychologically Healthy People Have
Optimism:
Belief that their prospects
are bright and the future holds
promise, even in difficult times
Happiness:
Happiness is not so much a function of what you have as what you make of it. It is less likely to be found in the pursuit of material things as in finding meaningful work, investing in family and community life, and developing strong spiritual and personal values.

10. Mind-Body Connection
Nervous system gives rise to one’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors
Thoughts and feelings affect the health of the body….. The health of the body affects one’s psychological health.
Nervous system includes brain, spinal cord and neural pathways:
Neurons
Neurotransmitters
Imbalances linked to variety of psychological disorders.

11. Mind-Body Connection
Hormones and genes influence physical and psychological functioning.
Excesses and deficiencies in hormone levels linked to both physical and psychological disorders
thyroid hormones
Excess – anxiety & restlessness
Deficiencies – sluggishness, weight gain
Genetic factors contribute to both physical and psychological traits and disorders
Sociability, emotional stability, feelings of happiness
Anxiety, addictive, mood disorders, and schizophrenia

12. The Spiritual Dimension
Spiritual Health
Connectedness with a higher order or a purpose beyond oneself
Psychologically healthy people see each day as an opportunity for expression of inner purpose
For some, meaning takes on spiritual quality, connecting themselves to something larger
Religious commitment linked to personal happiness
Social networking and connectedness
Linked to less depression, more life satisfaction, longevity?

13. Psychological Disorders
An abnormal behavior pattern associated with significant personal distress, impaired functioning, or disturbed thinking, perceptions, or emotions.
-Also called mental disorder or mental illness
About half of all adults develop a diagnosable psychological or mental disorder at some point in their lives, with 3 out of 10 affected in a given year.

14. Types of Psychological Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Category of psychological disorders involving excessive or inappropriate anxiety reactions
Mood Disorders
Disturbances of mood that affect the individual’s ability to function effectively, are unduly prolonged or severe, or are out of keeping with the events the person has encountered
Schizophrenia
An enduring type of psychotic disorder involving disturbances in thought processes, perception, emotion, and behavior

15. Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety: Emotional state characterized by body arousal, feelings of nervousness or tension, or a sense of apprehension about the future
Phobia: An excessive or irrational fear
Panic Disorder: Characterized by episodes of sheer terror (panic attacks), and by the resultant fear of it occurring again
Generalized – Anxiety Disorder: Characterized by high levels of anxiety not limited to particular situations and by general feelings of worry and dread
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Characterized by obsessions (thoughts or images) and/or compulsions (repetitive behaviors person feels compelled to do)

16. Mood Disorders
Depression: Prolonged feelings of hopelessness and worthlessness along with periods of sadness
May also be associated with inability to make decisions and concentrate, as well as some physical symptoms
Women are more likely then men to be depressed
Linked to lower-than normal levels of serotonin
View life through “Blue-Colored glasses”
Depression and Suicide
Who is at risk?
Signs

17. Who is at Risk of Committing Suicide?

18. Psychotic disorder – involves break from reality
Bipolar Disorder: A type of mood disorder characterized by mood swings between severe depression and mania (extremely inflated mood and excitability).
Schizophrenia:
Psychotic disorder – involves break from reality
hallucinations: perceptual distortions
delusions: false, unshakable beliefs
Loosening of associations

19. Treating Psychological Disorders
Psychological Therapies:
a verbal form of therapy, or “talk therapy” based on the application of psychological principles and techniques.
Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud)
Helps people achieve insight into unconscious processes and conflicts – roots of psychological problems
Behavior Therapy:
Focus on directly changing problem behaviors
systematic desensitization
real-life exposure to fearful situations

20. Psychological Therapies (cont)
Cognitive Therapy
Focus on helping people the thoughts and attitudes that can lead to disorders.
Ellis’s Rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT)
Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Eclectic Therapy
Group, Family, and Couple Therapy

21. Biomedical Therapies Psychotropic Drugs
Drugs used to treat psychological or mental disorders
antidepressants, antianxiety agents, stimulants, antipsychotic drugs
Electro-convulsive therapy (ETC)
Form of therapy for severe depression involving the administration of brief pulses of electricity to the patient’s brain