1. The Early American Colonies
IN Review

2. Causes of Colonization
Europeans came to “New World” for”
Religious Freedom: Escape persecution by monarchs in England, France, etc.
Economic Freedom: Escape poverty in Europe.
AS A BUSINESS VENTURE: Profit from trade

3. Mercantilism
Nations gain wealth by achieving a “FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE”.
“FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE” = SELLING MORE THAN YOU BUY!
COLONIES SUPPLY RAW MATERIALS/ “MOTHER COUNTRY” SUPPLIES FINISHED PRODUCTS.

4. New England colonies established by puritans: “religious freedom”
Plymouth, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay.

5. Puritanism & Democracy/Free Speech
Mayflower Compact.
An agreement to form a crude govt. and submit to majority rule.
Signed by 41 adult males.
Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

6. Rhode Island & Free Speech
Anne Hutchinson had to leave Rhode Island.
Claimed that God spoke to women as well as men
Free Speech v. Religion : SPEECH LOSES IN NEW ENGLAND

7. Our “PURITAN LEGACY” Equality under law.
Public/Free/Mandatory education.
Inherent right to free speech.
[Unofficial] connection between Religion and social morality.
Modern day “Sin”/EXCISE taxes [liquor, gambling, etc.].
“Blue Laws” in most cities/states.

8. New England Colonies, 1650

9. The Middle Colonies

10. Settling the Middle Colonies

11. New Amsterdam Harbor, 1639
Company town run in interests of the stockholders.
Religious dissenters against Dutch Reformed Church [including Quakers] were persecuted.
Local assembly with limited power to make laws established after repeated protests by colonists.

12. Dutch Residue in New York
Early 20c Dutch Revival Building in NYC.
New York City seal.
Names  Harlem, Brooklyn, “Da BRONX!”
Architecture  gambrel roof
Customs  Easter eggs, Santa Claus, waffles, bowling, sleighing, skating, kolf [golf].

13. Pennsylvania

14. William Penn Aristocratic Englishman.
1660 – attracted to the Quaker faith.
Embraced Quakerism after military service.
1681  he received a grant from king to establish a colony.

15. Government of Pennsylvania
Representative assembly elected by landowners.
No tax-supported church.
Freedom of worship guaranteed to all.
Death penalty only for treason & murder.
Compared to 200 capital crimes in New England!

16. Pennsylvanian Society
Attracted many different people
Religious misfits from other colonies.
Many different ethnic groups.
No provision for military defense.
No restrictions on immigration.
No slavery!!
“Blue Laws” [sumptuary laws]  against stage plays, cards, dice, excessive hilarity, etc.
A society that gave its citizens economic opportunity, civil liberty, & religious freedom!!

17. New Jersey — PA’s Neighbor
1664  aristocratic proprietors received. the area from the Duke of York.
Many New Englanders [because of worn out soil] moved to NJ.

18. The Southern Colonies

19. The Settlement of Maryland
A royal charter was granted to George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, in 1632.
A proprietary colony created in 1634.
Tobacco would be the main crop.

20. A Haven for Catholics Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
Baltimore permitted high degree of freedom of worship in order to prevent repeat of persecution of Catholics by Protestants.
Maryland Toleration Act of 1649
Supported by the Catholics in MD.
Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS.

21. English Colonization The Charter of the Virginia Company:
Colony established as a BUSINESS VENTURE

22. Growing Political Power
The House of Burgesses established in 1619 & began to assume the role of the House of Commons in England
Control over finances, militia, etc.
Lower House elected by all LANDOWNING MALES
A Council appointed by royal governor.
Functions like House of Lords.

23. Early Colonial Tobacco
1618 — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco.
1622 —Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco.
1627 — Virginia produces ,000 pounds of tobacco.
1629 — Virginia produces ,500,000 pounds of tobacco.

24. Indentured Servitude
Headright System
Indentured Contract, 1746

25. Virginia: “Child of Tobacco”
Tobacco’s effect on Virginia’s economy:
Vital role in putting VA on a firm economic footing.
Chained VA’s economy to a single crop.
Tobacco promoted the use of the plantation system.
Need for cheap, abundant labor.

26. The Atlantic Slave Trade

27. Colonial Slavery
As the number of slaves increased, southern white colonists reacted to put down perceived racial threat.
Slavery transformed from economic to economic and racial institution.
Early 1600s  differences between slave and servant were unclear.
By the mid-1680s, black slaves outnumbered white indentured servants, and in some areas, the white population.

28. HOW Does “ART” reflect “LIFE” {REALITY}?