1. Mental Disorders

2. Psychological Disorder
Behaviors that are:
Maladaptive- destructive to oneself/others
Unjustifiable- without a rational basis
Disturbing- troublesome to other people
Atypical- so different that a “norm” is violated

3. Disorders through time…
Ancient times: Demonic possession!
Treatment-
Torture
Execution
Prayer
Magic
18th Century- Philippe Pinel
Worked to eliminate brutality

4. Understanding Disorders…
Medical Model
Mental diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed on the basis of their treatable symptoms and cured through therapy.
Nature vs. Nurture?

5. Understanding Disorders…
Bio-Psycho-Social Model
Assumes that biological, psychological and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders.
Genetic predisposition
Nature vs. Nurture?

6. Diagnosing Psychological Disorders…
Classified according to:
Description of the disorder
Predict the future course of the disorder
Treat the disorder appropriately
Provide a springboard for research

7. Diagnosing Psychological Disorders…
DSM-IV-TR (diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th edition)
Categories of mental disorders
Descriptions
DSM III dropped homosexuality, manic depressive (bipolar), passive-aggressive, and neurosis
Drawback and advantages of labeling?

8. Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder Panic Disorder Phobia
Persistent, unexplained feelings of apprehension and tenseness.
Panic Disorder
Sudden bouts of intense, unexplained panic
Phobia
Disruptive, irrational fears of objects or situations
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Unwanted, repetitive thoughts and actions
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Characterized by reliving a severely upsetting event in unwanted recurring memories or dreams.

9. Phobias… Hematophobia Nyctophobia Claustrophobia Spermophobia
Musophobia
Ophidiophobia
Arachnophobia
Aerophobia
Agoraphobia
Sciophobia
Dendrophobia
Acrophobia
Decidophobia
Hippophobia
Kleptophobia
Necrophobia
Nudophobia
Pyrophobia
Somniphobia

10. Video time… OCD and treatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Panic Attacks
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11. Childhood Disorders ADD/ADHD Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Inattention, distractibility, restlessness
Ritalin/Adderall (stimulant)
1/3 cases continue to adulthood
Autistic Disorder
Failure to develop normal patterns of emotional
responses, communication & social interactions.
Diagnosed before 3
Echolalia: symptom in which person echoes what has just been said.

12. Video Time…
Autism
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13. Dissociative Disorders
Broken away from your sense of self, memories,
thoughts and feelings.
Dissociative Amnesia: Traumatic events
seem to disappear from memory.
Fugue: Forgetting current life
and starting a new one elsewhere.
Dissociative Identity Disorder: Person divides
self into separate personalities that can act
independently. (Multiple Personalities)

14. Somatoform Disorders
Physical Problems occur for psychological reasons.
Conversion Disorder: psychological trauma changed to symbolic physical dysfunction
Paralysis, blindness, sensitivity to pain
Hypochondriasis: overly concerned about health, minor physical complaint is seen as major illness.

15. Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality- no conscience and in constant conflict with the law. (sociopath)
Borderline Personality- instability of emotions, self-image, behavior and relationships. Dependency, manipulative, self-destructive behavior. (usually clingy relationships)

16. Have you ever felt depressed…
What caused your depression?
How did you handle it?
Are certain times more likely to leave you depressed…
During your day?
During your week?
During your month?
During your year?
Why?...

17. Depression A mood disorder in which a person feels sad.
Lack of dopamine and an imbalance of serotonin.
Either neurotransmitters are not being sent or the receptor site is blocked.
Dysfunctional frontal lobe
Can occur naturally or due to environmental factors

18. Mood Disorders
Major Depressive Disorder: severe depression; must have 5/9 symptoms for 2 or more weeks:
Depresses mood
No interest in activities
Sleeping a lot
Change in weight
Decreased level of activity
Fatigue
Worthlessness or inappropriate guilt
Lack of concentration
Suicidal thoughts

19. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder: manic
episodes alternating with episodes
of depression;
Manic: racing thoughts,
easily distracted, no sleep, highly active
Depressed: depressed mood, little interest, fatigue, don’t want to get our of bed.

20. Treatment Cognitive therapy Think logically Behavior therapy
Except condition and learn to behave a certain way
Medication
Create a balance of neurotransmitters or hormones

21. Schizophrenic Disorders
Most frightening and misunderstood disorder
It is a family of related disorders
Disorganized and delusional thinking
Disturbed perceptions
Inappropriate emotions and behaviors
NOT split personality, breaking away from reality
1% of the population
Men and women
Develops in late adolescence
or early adulthood

22. Schizophrenic Disorders
Symptoms:
Delusions of Grandeur: More important than you really are
Delusions of persecution: People are out to get you
Delusions of sin or guilt: Being responsible for misfortunes
Delusions of influence: Being controlled by outside forces
Hallucinations: Auditory, Visual and Tactile
4 Types of Schizophrenia
Catatonic: disturbance of movement; no speaking; no moving
Paranoid: persecution feelings or suspiciousness
Disorganized: bizarre behavior “gone mad”
Undifferentiated: “catch all category”

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