IPod https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html.

Apple Inc. litigation - Apple iPod, iTunes antitrust litigation
The claims of Apple's changes to its encoding and its refusal to license FairPlay technology to other companies were dismissed by the court 2009, but the allegation of Apple's monopoly on the iPod's music download capabilities between 2004 and 2009 remained as of July 2012

Apple Inc. litigation - iPod battery life class action
In 2006 Apple Canada, Inc., also settled several similar Canadian class action suits alleging misrepresentations by Apple regarding iPod battery life.

iPodLinux iPodLinux was a µClinux-based Linux distribution designed specifically to run on Apple Inc.'s iPod. When the iPodLinux kernel is booted it takes the place of Apple's iPod Operating System and automatically loads Podzilla, an alternative GUI and launcher for a number of additional included programs such as a video player, an image viewer, a command line shell, games, emulators for Video Game consoles, programming demos, and other experimental or occasionally unfinished software.

iPodLinux As of 2011, the project has been inactive for several years, and its website is no longer maintained. Further development of free and open source software for iPods have continued with the Rockbox Project and freemyipod, which have largely supplanted iPodLinux. Some third party installers are still available at

iPodLinux - Basic structure
Apple's proprietary iPod OS in contrast uses an invisible boot loader and is based on an ARM processor kernel originally written by Pixo, and the iPod Miller Columns browser program, a GUI written by Apple and Pixo using the Pixo application framework, and other firmware and component drivers written from manufacturer's reference code to support the standard behavior Apple wanted the iPod to have.

iPodLinux - Features Besides the kernel, iPodLinux features as a primary component podzilla and podzilla2, applications which provide:

An iPod-like user interface
iPodLinux - Features An iPod-like user interface

Video playback with sound
iPodLinux - Features Video playback with sound

iPodLinux - Features Support for AAC, MP3 and basic OGG playback (4G & 5G Music Player Daemon malfunctions, but can be fixed).

iPodLinux - Features Many games, including TuxChess, Bluecube (Tetris clone), Chopper, StepMania (a Dance Dance Revolution clone) and more.

iPodLinux - Features Recording through audio jack at much higher quality than Apple's firmware

iPodLinux - Features Ability to play the games Doom and Doom II (and presumably any Doom Total Conversion; Chex Quest for instance)

iPodLinux - Features Ability to run many emulators, such as iBoy (Nintendo Game Boy Emulator), iNES (Nintendo Entertainment System Emulator), iDarcNES (port of the multiple system emulator DarcNES), iMAME (port of Multiple Arcade Machine Emulator), and iGPSP (Game Boy Advance emulator).

iPodLinux - History Schneider was able to use his program with some modifications to make a series of clicks for each byte of the new iPod's bootloader

iPodLinux - Server transition
On October 1, 2008 the iPodLinux.org DNS address was updated and the server was online again by October 5, 2008

iPodLinux - Compatibility
According to the iPodLinux wiki, "developers have succeeded in getting [the following features] to work- it does not imply that the feature is ready for widespread use."[note 1]

iPodLinux compatibility chart[note 1]

Generation Date[note 2] LCD Input Serial[note 3] Hard Drive Piezo Audio playback Audio recording FireWire USB Power management Video out

4G July 2004 Yes Yes No Yes Partial[note 6] Yes Partial[note 7] Partial[note 4] Partial[note 4] Partial[note 5] N/A

Mini 1G January 2004 Yes Yes No Yes Partial[note 6] Yes N/A Partial[note 4] Partial[note 4] Partial[note 5] N/A

Mini 2G February 2005 Yes Yes No Yes Partial[note 6] Yes N/A Partial[note 4] Partial[note 4] Partial[note 5] N/A

Nano 1G February 2006 Yes Yes No Yes Partial[note 6] Yes No N/A Partial[note 4] Partial[note 5] N/A

In ipodlinux, an under development message is given under recording, while in zeroslackr, recording is not displayed at all.

This function continues to be developed and is a useful function for users of older iPod (especially nano users that, with the help of iPodLinux, can get an extremely small media center that can be held in the palm of the hand).

podzilla 2, the second generation of podzilla, and commonly known as pz2, is currently in development and has recently superseded the original version of podzilla. It includes several new features, most notably modularity; users can install new applications without recompiling all of podzilla. This version is the only working set of Podzilla official that will run on 5.5G iPods.

IEEE iPod and iPhone iPods released prior iPod with Dock Connector used IEEE 1394a ports for syncing music and charging, but in 2003, the FireWire port was no longer used in iPod and it's succeeded by Dock connector, since then, IEEE 1394 to 30-pin connector cables was made. Apple Inc. dropped support for FireWire cables in iPod nano (4th Generation), iPod touch (2nd Generation), and iPhone 3G in favor of USB cables.

Jon Rubinstein - Developing the iPod
The iPod came from Apple's "digital hub" category, when the company began creating software for the growing market of personal digital devices

in February, 2001, however, Rubinstein first saw the tiny, 1.8-inch hard disk drive that became a critical component of the iPod

By 2004 the business became so important to Apple that the iPod was spun off into its own division, which Rubinstein took over.

Other iPod models were released on a regular basis, increasing the device’s capacity, decreasing its size, and adding features including color screens, photo display and video playback. By early 2008, more than 119 million iPods had been sold, making it not only the most successful portable media player on the market today but one of the most popular consumer electronics products of all time.

In the 2007 fiscal year, the iPod generated $8.3 billion in revenue, or about a third of Apple's sales.

In October 2005, Apple announced that Rubinstein would be retiring on March 31, It was later announced that he would make himself available for up to 20% of his workweek on a consulting basis.

History of Apple Inc. - iPod
In October 2001, Apple introduced its first iPod portable digital audio player. The iPod started as a 5 gigabyte player capable of storing around 1000 songs. Since then it has evolved into an array of products including the Mini (now discontinued), the iPod Touch, the Shuffle, the iPod Classic, the Nano, the iPhone and the iPad. Since March 2011, the largest storage capacity for an iPod has been 160 gigabytes.

History of Apple Inc. - iPod and iTunes store
In early 2005, Apple unveiled a smaller iPod: the iPod Shuffle, which is about the size of a pack of gum

For example, they can burn CDs including the purchased songs (although a particular playlist containing purchased music may only be burned seven times), share and play the songs on up to five computers, and, of course, download songs onto an iPod.

The iTunes Music Store commercial model is one-time purchase, which contrasts with other commercial subscription music services where users are required to pay a regular fee to be able to access musical content (but are able to access a larger volume of music during the subscription).

The iTunes Music Store was launched in 2003 with 2 million downloads in only 16 days; all of which were purchased only on Macintosh computers. Apple has since released a version of iTunes for Windows, allowing Windows users the ability to access the store as well. Initially, the music store was only available in the United States due to licensing restrictions, but there were plans to release the store to many other countries in the future.

In January 2004 Apple released a more compact version of their iPod player, the 4 GB iPod Mini. Although the Mini held fewer songs than the other iPod models at that time, its smaller size and multiple colours made it popular with consumers on debut with many stores having "sold out" their initial inventories of the devices.

In June 2004 Apple opened their iTunes Music Store in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. A European Union version opened October 2004 (actually, a Eurozone version; not initially available in the Republic of Ireland due to the intransigence of the Irish Recorded Music Association (IRMA) but eventually opened Thursday January 6, 2005.) A version for Canada opened in December On May 10, 2005, the iTunes Music Store was expanded to Denmark, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland.

On December 16, 2004, Apple sold its 200 millionth song on the iTunes Music Store to Ryan Alekman from Belchertown, Massachusetts. The download was The Complete U2, by U2. Just under three months later Apple sold its 300 millionth song on March 2, On July 17, 2005, the iTunes Music Store sold its 500 millionth song. At that point, songs were selling at an accelerating annualized rate of more than 500 million.

On January 11, 2005, an even smaller version of the iPod was announced, this one based on flash memory instead of using a miniaturized Hard Drive. The iPod Shuffle, like its predecessors, proved so popular that it sold out almost immediately, causing delays of up to four weeks in obtaining one within a single week of its debut. This is despite the fact that critics had gawked at the lack of LCD screen in the Shuffle, a norm in almost all current flash memory based mp3 players.

The iPod is giving an enormous lift to Apple's financial results. In the quarter ending March 26, 2005, Apple earned US$290 million, or 34¢ a share, on sales of US$3.24 billion. The year before in the same quarter, Apple earned just US$46 million, or 6¢ a share, on revenue of US$1.91 billion.

In July 2005, the iPod was given a color screen, merging the iPod and iPod Photo.

On September 7, 2005, Apple replaced the iPod Mini line with the new iPod Nano. While some consumers were put off by the high price tag (US$199 for 2 GB), and easily scratchable surface, the Nano had sold 1 million units in the first 17 days.

A month later, on October 12, 2005 Apple introduced the new 5th generation iPod with video playback abilities. The device is also 40% thinner than a 4th generation iPod and has a larger screen.

On October 25, 2005, the iTunes Store went live in Australia, with songs selling for A$1.69 each, albums at (generally) A$16.99 and music videos and Pixar short films at A$3.39. Briefly, people in New Zealand were able to buy music off the Australian store. However, that loophole was quickly closed.

On February 23, 2006, the iTunes Music Store sold its 1 billionth song.

The iTunes Music Store changed its name to iTunes Store on September 12, 2006 when it began offering video content (TV shows and movies) for sale. Since iTunes' inception it has sold over 2 billion songs, 1.2 billion of which were sold in Since downloadable TV and movie content was added 50 million TV episodes and 1.3 million movies have been downloaded.

In early 2010, Apple celebrated the 10 billionth song downloaded from the iTunes Music Store.

Nike+iPod The Nike+iPod Sports Kit is a device which measures and records the distance and pace of a walk or run. The Nike+iPod consists of a small transmitter device attached to or embedded in a shoe, which communicates with either the Nike+ Sportband, a receiver plugged into an iPod Nano, or directly with a 2nd Generation iPod Touch (or higher), iPhone 3GS (or higher) or a Nike+ Sportwatch. If using the iPod or the iPhone, iTunes software can be used to view the walk or run history.

Nike+iPod On September 7, 2010, Nike released the Nike+ Running App (originally called Nike+ GPS), which used a tracking engine powered by MotionX that does not require the separate shoe sensor or pedometer. This application works using the accelerometer and GPS of the iPhone and the accelerometer of the iPod Touch (which does not currently contain a GPS chip). It is free in the App Store.

Nike+iPod - Overview Nike+ was a collaboration between Nike and Apple; the platform consisted of an iPod, a wireless chip, Nike shoes that accepted the wireless chip, and an iTunes membership

Nike+iPod - Overview The receiver displays information comparable to that of the iPod kit on the built-in display

Nike+iPod - Overview Once the user syncs an iPod with iTunes, the cardio workouts are automatically stored at Nikeplus.com, where each workout is visualized and tracked based on the number of calories burned

Nike+iPod - Overview With the release of the second-generation iPod Touch in 2008, Apple Inc. included a built-in ability to receive Nike+ signals, which allowed the iPod to connect directly to the wireless sensor thus eliminating the need for an external receiver to be connected. Apple also added this capability to the iPhone 3GS (released 2009), iPhone 4 (2010), and third-generation iPod Touch (2009). Those devices use their Broadcom Bluetooth chipset to receive the signals.

Nike+iPod - Overview Polar WearLink+ that works with Nike+ communicates directly with the fifth generation iPod nano and Nike+ SportBand using a proprietary digital protocol but it is dual-mode so it is also compatible with most Polar training computers (all those using 5 kHz analog transmission technology).

Nike+ has 18 million global users.
Nike+iPod - Overview Nike+ has 18 million global users.

Nike+iPod - Overview In iOS (and possibly higher), a hole in the compatibility for the app has allowed jailbroken iPad users to use the native Nike + iPod iPhone and iPod app by moving the app bundle and setting permissions for the app

Nike+iPod - Sports kit equipment
Nike has released the sensor for individual sale meaning that consumers no longer have to purchase the whole set (the iPod receiver and sensor)

Nike+iPod - Sports kit equipment
After-market solutions are available to users who do not want to use shoes with built-in or hand-made pockets for the foot sensor, such as shoe pouches and containment devices designed to affix the sensor against the shoe laces. No matter how the sensor is integrated with the user's shoes, care must be taken that it is firmly fixed in place and will not jerk around while in use, which would degrade the accuracy.

Nike+iPod - Sports kit usage
The user then must press the center button on the iPod to begin the workout.

Audio feedback is provided in the user's choice of generic male or female voice by the iPod over the course of the workout, depending on the type of workout chosen

The Center button has two functions: audio feedback about the current distance, time, and pace are provided when the button is tapped once, while if the button is held down the iPod skips to the "PowerSong" - an audio track chosen by the user, generally intended for motivation.

In addition to the in-workout audio feedback, there are pre-recorded congratulations provided by Lance Armstrong, Tiger Woods, Joan Benoit Samuelson, and Paula Radcliffe whenever a user achieves a personal best (such as fastest mile, fastest 5K, fastest 10K, longest run yet) or reaches certain long-term milestones (such as 250 miles, 500 kilometers). This "celebrity feedback" is heard after the usual end-of-run statistics.

While the Sports Kit can be used immediately after purchase, it will report more accurate results if it is calibrated before the first usage and then regularly afterwards

Texas Instruments MSP430-series microcontroller
Nike+iPod - Hardware Texas Instruments MSP430-series microcontroller

Nike+iPod - Wireless protocol data and privacy concerns
The shoe sensor broadcasts a packet once a second while the user is walking or running, and for ten seconds after the user stops moving

Nike+iPod - Online integration
Workout data is stored in XML files on the iPod, which has led some web and applications programmers to offer alternatives to the official Nike reports.

Nike+iPod - Online integration
Recently, there have been several more additions to the Nike+ website including but not limited to: a challenge gallery where all user created challenges are viewable, the ability to name the route taken when running or walking, compatibility with the new iPod Nano (fifth generation), a distance club to view everyone's total distance traveled, fastest 5K et cetera.

Nike+iPod - Further reading
McClusky, Mark (June 22, 2009). "The Nike Experiment: How the Shoe Giant Unleashed the Power of Personal Metrics". Med-Tech: Health 17 (7) (Wired). Retrieved June 29, 2009.

Nike+iPod - Further reading
Newitz, Annalee (November 30, 2006). "Nike+ IPod = Surveillance". Science: Discoveries (Wired). Retrieved June 29, 2009.

Macintosh startup - Sad iPod
On the iPod, if damage or an error occurs in the hardware or the firmware, for example, if its files are deleted, a Sad iPod appears. This is similar to the Sad Mac, but instead of a Macintosh, there is an iPod, and there is no chimes of death. The icon also lacks a nose, and the trail off is on the other side. It also doesn't show hexadecimal codes indicating what problem occurred in the iPod. This error screen might not show up when a problem occurs in the newer iPods today.

Apple Inc. advertising - iPod
The silhouette commercials are a family of commercials in a similar style that form part of the advertising campaign to promote the iPod, Apple's portable digital music player.

iPod advertising Apple has used a variety of advertising campaigns to promote its iPod portable digital media player. The campaigns include television commercials, print ads, posters in public places, and wrap advertising campaigns. These advertising techniques are unified by a distinctive, consistent style that differs from Apple's other ads.

iPod advertising - Original ad
He then dances and hops around the room, then puts on his jacket, sliding the iPod into the pocket

iPod advertising - Original ad
One of the problems, noted Apple ad agency creative director Ken Segall, was the use of what he termed a 'real person.' Steve Jobs, he stated, avoided using people in his ads because it was difficult to find an actor who appealed to everyone. Another problem was that, "It was somewhat uncomfortable to watch, and on the web some started to refer to it as the iClod commercial...it was a young guy trying to act cool, and doing so in a fairly pitiful way".

iPod advertising - Silhouette Style
Susan Alinsangan, a Chiat/Day art director, came up with the design of the iPod silhouette commercials in 2003, along with the help of Chiat/Day's director Lee Clow, and James Vincent, a former DJ and musician.

Instead, it did what Apple does best: it created an iconic image, which immediately came to communicate Apple and iPod."

At first, however, Steve Jobs did not like the Silhouette campaign when it was presented to him. He was not certain that the silhouettes would work since they didn't show the product in detail and they didn't explain what the iPods did. The ad designers fought to convince Steve and copywriter James Vincent suggested adding the tagline "1,000 songs in your pocket" to address the issue. Steve Jobs decided to go with it. He would later claim it was his idea to push for the more iconic ads.

The white earbuds also became an icon signifying the iPod itself

iPod advertising - Evolution of the Silhouette Style
The original television commercials and posters featured solid black silhouettes against a solid bright color, which usually changed every time the camera angle changed. Some of the television adverts also depict highlights on the silhouettes using darkened shades of the background color, and shadows on the floor. Since then, various commercials in the campaign have changed the format further:

By the time of the advent of the iTunes Store in 2003 the ads became as much a vehicle to promote the music and the music store as the device itself. Variants of adverts with differing soundtracks were run for every iPod to enable many current artists of various successful genres to appeal to as wide a base of potential users.

The next live action TV commercial (iPod 3G "Wild Postings") that returned to the format of the original 1G advert made reference to the silhouette theme to emphasize its icon status. It involved a man walking past a set of silhouette posters, which came to life and danced when his iPod was playing, but froze when he paused it. The song used was "Ride" by The Vines.

Artists songs to appear in iPod /iTunes adverts include: U2, The Resource, Cut Chemist, Feist, Caesars, The Prototypes, Will Holland, Feature Cast, Gorillaz, Jet, N.E.R.D, Steriogram, Daft Punk, The Black Eyed Peas, Ozomatli, Wolfmother, The Fratellis, Nicodemus & Quantic, The Ting Tings, Coldplay. Many Record Labels despite their past issues with the iTunes Store are keen to get their artists featured to benefit from the promotion of new material.

in 2004, Wired Magazine featured a new service where people could create their own iPod ads from their personal photos. Website is still up at iPod My Photo but iPod ads generation has been discontinued.

The TV commercial (featuring Caesars song Jerk It Out) for the first version of the iPod shuffle used a green background with black arrows moving in the background representing the "shuffle" icon. The silhouettes danced on top of the arrows as if they were a moving floor while listening to iPod shuffles hanging from white lanyards.

The camera shots alternate between the artists performing their songs (Eminem sporting a white microphone, Marsalis' drummer sporting white drumsticks) and traditional silhouette dancers listening to iPods

In early 2006 a new type of iPod commercial (Cubicle) was released. It was thirty seconds, and it spotlighted album art. The album art was constructed into a city, and then dismantled and it flowed into an iPod nano and said "1,000 songs in your pocket", the slogan for the 1st Generation iPod Nano.

In this new style, the only silhouette facet of it was that it seemed lighting was reduced on the figure of Bob Dylan and the female dancer, while the iPod was brightened

In September 2006, Apple once again reimagined their vision of the silhouette ad campaign to go with the new iPod nano aluminum case. They made a departure from the contrasting background and characters. Both the characters and the background are thrown into deeper shadow than we've ever seen before, and, in order to showcase the new colors of the nano, the characters swing their nanos around while dancing, which leaves a luminescent light trail.

In November 2006 Apple used their original style again in their Latino TV Ad to mark the launch of iTunes Latino at the store.

Also in November 2006, Apple released a new ad (Put some music on) for the second generation iPod shuffle, which featured people clipping the minuscule player to different articles of clothing while jamming to the beat of Prototypes' "Who's Gonna Sing?".

At Macworld 2007, Apple debuted their new ad campaign, featuring a reverse color scheme of previous campaigns: Colored silhouettes on a black background, as well as a second styled ad featuring colored silhouettes amongst a dynamic, moving and multi-colored background.

Paul McCartney walking and strumming a mandolin performing his song "Dance Tonight" being very much like an updated version of the Eminem commercial, having backdrops of buildings and featuring McCartney walking with animations of shapes around him.

In November 2007, Apple released a new ad (Queen) using a similar formula to the one used with the "Mi Es Tropical" ad (by Nicodemus and Quantic), but with a light emanating from the background as if the characters were on a stage. This time the ad is featuring Mary J. Blige along with a group of dancer in silhouette form. The song is "Work That" from the album "Growing Pains".

YouTube member njhaley (More commonly known as Nick Haley) created a fan commercial of the iPod touch. Apple was impressed with the commercial and then contacted him about putting the commercial on the air. He and Apple's advertising agency TBWA then got to work on making a more polished version of the Ad which ran during the 2007 World Series on Fox.

iPod Touch adverts increasingly move to promote the computing, gaming and internet purposes of the product with background music often being the only reminder its a music player too. At the same time iPod adverts have started to decline as the priority for production and sales shifts to the computing platform devices such as the iPod Touch and iPhone.

In April 2008, a new ad (Gamma) was released following the original formula with representation of both earphones and iPod Classics – but with animated backgrounds and more detailed silhouettes. The song was "Shut Up and Let Me Go" by The Ting Tings

On May 20, 2008, a new ad (Sonic) premiered during the American Idol finale. It follows the original form but with even more animated backgrounds and Coldplay is shown in the shadow. The song was Viva la Vida by Coldplay. It does not feature a material presence to an iPod or earphones but reminds viewers the Coldplay song is available on iTunes.

2009 sees the release of the 5th version of the iPod Nano with built-in camera, the style of advert (Capture) retains constant cutting from different pods with different users continues but now features the actor/ess now visible within the iPod display whilst they perform on the other side of our view of the iPod.

In 2011 coinciding with the long awaited release of The Beatles back-catalogue on iTunes Store, 5 adverts were released featuring one with live footage off The Ed Sullivan Show but in the others use of the Ken Burns effect on stock photos of the beatles in their recording days.

U2 appeared in two adverts not counting the promotional material for the early U2 styled iPod.

FairPlay - Harmony: RealPlayer Music on the iPod
While using RealPlayer to transfer a Helix DRM-restricted song onto the iPod, Harmony transparently converts it to a FairPlay-compatible protected file

:We are stunned that RealNetworks has adopted the tactics and ethics of a software cracking|hacker to break into the iPod, and we are investigating the implications of their actions under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act|DMCA and other laws. We strongly caution Real and their customers that when we update our iPod software from time to time it is highly likely that Real's Harmony technology will cease to work with current and future iPods.

RealNetworks launched an internet petition titled Hey Apple! Don't break my iPod, encouraging iPod users to sign up to support Real's action. The petition backfired badly. The overwhelming majority of posters reacted negatively. The main points of criticism against Harmony were:

* Many posters accused RealNetworks of astroturfing with the petition they had created.

* RealNetworks was criticised for hypocrisy in keeping its own intellectual property and products closed, while asking Apple to open up the iPod.

* The move was also denounced as an attempt to force Apple into a partnership that would only benefit RealNetworks.

Apple did disable Harmony around the time of the iPod photo launch, and to older versions shortly after in firmware updates. The change makes it so that all music (past and present) purchased through the RealPlayer Music Store will not work on Apple's iPod. In response, Real said they would get it working again.

In August 2005, an SEC filings|SEC filing by RealNetworks disclosed that continued use of the Harmony technology put themselves at considerable risk because of the possibility of a lawsuit from Apple, which would be expensive to defend against, even if the court agreed that the technology is legal

Harmony never resurfaced as an option by RealNetworks.

VoiceOver - iPod Shuffle
After its success on Macs, Apple added VoiceOver to the iPod Shuffle. This enabled users of the iPod Shuffle to minimally control the playback of songs by having titles read out. With the 2010 revision of iPod Shuffle, the user can also have VoiceOver read out playlists. Unlike VoiceOver on OS X, where VoiceOver is marketed as an accessibility feature, on the iPod Shuffle VoiceOver is intended to be used by everyone, disabled or not.

VoiceOver - iPod nano In September 2009, Apple launched this feature on the iPod Nano line. It uses many of the same gestures as the iOS version.

IPod The 'iPod' is a line of portable media players designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first line was released on October 23, 2001, about 8½ months after iTunes (Macintosh version) was released. Its most recent redesigns were announced on September 12, There are four current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano, the touchscreen iPod Touch, and the Hard Drive-based iPod Classic.

IPod Like other digital music players, iPods can serve as external USB mass storage device class|data storage devices. Storage capacity varies by model, ranging from 2GB for the iPod Shuffle to 160GB for the iPod Classic. The devices are controlled by the Samsung ARM architecture|ARM and the Apple A5 central processing unit|CPUs.

IPod Apple's iTunes software (and other software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, iPod game|games, contact information, settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Microsoft Windows|Windows Operating Systems.

IPod Prior to iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named Music and Videos are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.

IPod - History As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey,, Design News, September 24, 2007

IPod - History In 2007, Apple modified the iPod interface again with the introduction of the sixth-generation iPod Classic and third-generation iPod Nano by changing the font to Helvetica and, in most cases, splitting the screen in half by displaying the menus on the left and album artwork, photos, or videos on the right (whichever was appropriate for the selected item).

IPod - History In 2006 Apple presented a special edition for IPod#Models and features|iPod 5G of Irish rock band U2. Like its predecessor, this iPod has engraved the signatures of the four members of the band on its back, but this one was the first time the company changed the colour of the metal (not silver but black). This iPod was only available with 30GB of storage capacity. This special edition adds an exclusive video with 30 minutes of interviews and performance by U2.

IPod - History In September 2007, during a lawsuit with patent holding company Burst.com, Apple drew attention to a patent for a similar device that was developed in Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a plastic music box in 1981, which he called the IXI.Boffey, Daniel Daily Mail, September 8, Retrieved on September 8, He was unable to secure funding to renew the US$ 120,000 worldwide patent, so it lapsed and Kramer never profited from his idea.

IPod - History InPub, LLC, filed an IPOD trademark on June 1, 1999, for computer software and hardware

IPod - History The earliest recorded use in commerce of an iPod trademark was in 1991 by Chrysalis Corp. of Sturgis, Michigan, styled iPOD.

IPod - Audio The first-generation iPod Shuffle uses a Bridge tied load|dual-transistor output stage, rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.

IPod - Audio For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some Equalization|equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs.Vaughan, Austin

IPod - Audio From the fifth-generation iPod on, Apple introduced a user-configurable volume limit in response to concerns about hearing loss.Cohen, Peter. , Macworld, Retrieved on November 7, Users report that in the sixth-generation iPod, the maximum volume output level is limited to 100 dB in EU markets. Apple previously had to remove iPods from shelves in France for exceeding this legal limit.Fried, Ian. . Retrieved on November 7, 2008.

IPod - Connectivity Originally, a FireWire connection to the host computer was used to update songs or recharge the battery (electricity)|battery. The battery could also be charged with a power adapter that was included with the first four generations.

IPod - Connectivity The second-, third-, and fourth-generation iPod Shuffle uses a single Phone connector (audio)|3.5mm minijack phone connector which acts as both a headphone jack and a data port for the dock.

IPod - Connectivity Some peripherals use their own interface, while others use the iPod's own screen

IPod - Connectivity Apple introduced a new 8-pin dock connector, named Lightning (connector)|Lightning, on September 12, 2012 with their announcement of the iPhone 5, the fifth generation iPod Touch, and the seventh generation iPod Nano, which all feature it. The new connector replaces the older 30-pin dock connector used by older iPods, iPhones, and iPads. Apple Lightning cables have pins on both sides of the plug so it can be inserted with either side facing up.

IPod - Accessories Other accessories offer unique features like the Nike+iPod pedometer and the iPod Camera Connector

Scion (car)|Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.
IPod - Accessories Scion (car)|Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.

IPod - Accessories Some independent stereo manufacturers including JVC, Pioneer Corporation|Pioneer, Kenwood Electronics|Kenwood, Alpine Electronics|Alpine, Sony, and Harman Kardon also have iPod-specific integration solutions

IPod - Accessories The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays., Apple Inc., November 14, 2006

IPod - Software Patent 6,928,433http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/ stm Creative wins MP3 player patenthttp:// Apple Creative Announce Broad Settlement... iPod: how big can it get? HP to stop selling Apple's iPodshttp:// Apple Reports Fourth Quarter 2007 Resultshttp:// Apple Reports First Quarter Resultshttp:// Live Coverage From Apple’s “It’s Only Rock and Roll” Eventhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/ stm iPod and Bluetooth lead to prizeshttp:// Apple wins 5 'World Class' awardshttp:// Apple, iPod, and CD Copy Protectionhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/ stm Hospitals train staff with iPodshttp:// MP3 Insider: The truth about your battery lifehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/ stm Apple investigates iPod batterieshttp:// Apple’s iPod Battery Settlement, Explainedhttp:// The Curse of Lithium Ion Batterieshttp://ipodbatteryfaq.com/#18 iPod Battery FAQhttp:// A Message From the Neistat Brothershttp:// Apple offers iPod battery replacement servicehttp:// AppleCare for iPod now availablehttp://arstechnica.com/reviews/hardware/video-ipod.ars/6 Vivisection of the Video iPodhttp:// Disassemble Guide for Video iPodhttp:// iPod Reliability Surveyhttp:// Apple responds to iPod nano screen concernshttp:// iPod Nano owners in screen scratch traumahttp://news.com.com/Suit+filed+over+Nano+scratches/ _ html Suit filed over Nano scratcheshttp:// Inside Apple's iPod factorieshttp:// Is It Ethical To Own an iPod? Foxconn denies iPod 'sweatshop' claimshttp:// McDonald's and KFC seeking to resolve Chinese minimum wage issue ... Wal-Mart backs down and allows Chinese workers to join unionhttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB html Suicides Spark Inquiries Apple, H-P to Examine Asian Supplier After String of Deaths at Factoryhttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB html?mod=googlenews_wsj The Foxconn Suicides , May 28, 2010, wsj.com, WSJ opinion, accessed May 27, 2010

IPod - Software As of 2006, the iPod was produced by about 14,000 workers in the U.S. and 27,000 overseas. Further, the salaries attributed to this product were overwhelmingly distributed to highly skilled U.S. professionals, as opposed to lower skilled U.S. retail employees or overseas manufacturing labor. One interpretation of this result is that U.S. innovation can create more jobs overseas than domestically.

Push email - Apple iPhone and iPod Touch
Apple Inc.|Apple's iPhone and iPod Touch support Hotmail push . Up until early 2013, they supported Gmail push (via Google Sync) and Microsoft's Exchange ActiveSync platform, allowing them to synchronize , calendars and contacts with a Microsoft Exchange Server, MDaemon, Zimbra, NuevaSync or Kerio Connect.

Push email - Apple iPhone and iPod Touch
Apple's iCloud service offers support for push , contacts, and calendars,. although as of the 24 February, 2012, this has been temporarily disabled in Germany due to lawsuits. However, by setting up a new account using IMAP-Idle, push is restored.

ITunes Store - iPod games
Though they are downloaded through iTunes, the games cannot be played within the application itself; they can only be played on an iPod Classic or iPod Nano.

Portable media player - Apple iPod
In 2007, Apple introduced the iPod Touch, the first iPod with a multi-touch screen

Pedometer - Apple iPod Nano
The 5th and 6th generation iPod Nano by Apple Computer|Apple features an integrated accelerometer.

Pedometer - NikeiPod Apple Computer|Apple and Nike, Inc. offer the Nike+iPod|Nike+iPod Sports Kit, which uses a shoe sensor that communicates with a wireless MP3 Player receiver to transmit workout information such as elapsed time, distance traveled, and calories burned.

Incentive-centered design - Nike+iPod Sports Kit
This sports kit from Nike (Nike+iPod) comes with a receiver that attaches to your iPod or iPhone and a transmitter that is placed in the sole of the shoe

Scaled Composites Model 367 BiPod
The 'Scaled Composites Model 367 BiPod' is an experimental flying car developed by Scaled Composites. It was the final aircraft designed by Burt Rutan prior to his retirement.

Scaled Composites Model 367 BiPod - Development
The Bipod was originally designed to be an electric propulsion testbed, later evolving into the flying car concept. The vehicle was constructed for market evaluation and testing only. No flight testing was planned, or done, on the single prototype built.

Scaled Composites Model 367 BiPod - Design
The BiPod uses twin fuselages with tandem wheels joined together by a wing surface

Scaled Composites Model 367 BiPod - Propulsion
The generators power 15kW electric motors; two such motors drive the rear wheels for land use, and four such motors drive four propellers (two on the horizontal stabilizer and two on the wings).The use of electric power transmission decouples engine location from propeller location without the need for mechanical shafts and gear boxes, enabling BiPod's unique geometry

Scaled Composites Model 367 BiPod - Operational history
The prototype was built in a four-month period.In anticipation of Rutan's retirement, Scaled Composite employees scrambled to get the new design flying in March of this year, only four months after its preliminary design phase. Flying Test hops have been performed with the prototype at Mojave Air and Space Port using propulsion from the wheels. The vehicle has been ground tested up to 80 mph. No flight testing is planned.

Steve Jobs - iPod After the 1st generation of iPod, Apple released the Hard Drive-based IPod Classic|iPod classic, the touchscreen iPod Touch, video-capable iPod Nano, screenless iPod Shuffle in the following years.

Geography of Russia - Antipodes
Only a small amount is antipodal to land

The free part of the Antarctic Peninsula is antipodal to the western Sakha Republic, from its northwestern coast southward, running east of the Lena River, with the northern end of the peninsula covering the towns of Vilyuysk and Kysyl-Syr and stopping about 300km short of Yakutsk.

The antipodes of the South Orkney Islands are on the Aldan River on the other side of Yakutsk, between Ust-Maya and Eldikan, in southwestern Sakha. The southern two South Sandwich Islands are antipodal to the Pyagin Peninsula east of Magadan. Western South Georgia Island is antipodal to the northern tip of Sakhalin.

Peter I Island, claimed by Norway on the other side of the Peninsula, is opposite a spot 70km SE of Norilsk.

The only inhabited lands antipodal to Russia are southern Patagonia, including Tierra del Fuego, which correspond to much of Buryatia, the western shore of Lake Baikal in Irkutsk Oblast, and southwestern Zabaykalsky Krai, down to the Mongolian border, with Ulan-Ude being antipodal to Puerto Natales, Chile. The sparsely inhabited West Falkland and neighboring islets are antipodal to eastern Zabaykalsky on the border with northern Inner Mongolia.

WhereverTV - iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch AppleTV
WhereverTV subscriptions are available for viewing on Apple, Inc. devices via a downloadable free App. The WhereverTV iOS application became available on the App Store in March Users can watch WhereverTV subscription services (ArabicTV, GreekTV or MoroccanTV) on iPads, iPhones, iPod Touches, and AppleTVs (via [ Airplay]). All Apple devices must use iOS 4.3 or later.

Tripod.com 'Tripod.com' is a web hosting service owned by Lycos. Originally aiming its services to college students and young adults, it was one of several sites trying to build Virtual community|online communities during the 1990s. As such, Tripod formed part of the first wave of user-generated content.

Tripod.com - Services Tripod offers free and paid web hosting services, including 20 megabytes of webspace and the ability to run Common Gateway Interface (CGI) scripts in Perl. In addition to basic hosting, Tripod also offers a blogging tool, a photo album manager, and the Trellix site builder for WYSIWYG page editing. Tripod's for-pay services include additional disk space, a shopping cart, domain names, web and Post Office Protocol|POP/IMAP .

Tripod.com - History Although it would eventually focus on the Internet, Tripod also published a magazine, Tools for Life, that was distributed with textbooks, and offered a discount card for students.Elliott, Stuart

Tripod.com - Website launch
The domain name Tripod.com was created on September 29, 1994,[ Tripod.com Site Info] Alexa and the site officially launched in 1995 after operating in sneak-preview mode for a period

Tripod.com - Website launch
A Washington Post reviewer recommended Tripod over GeoCities for giving users an easier URL to remember, and because GeoCities sites had a tendency to crash computers.Hertzman, Monica Neal

Tripod.com - Investment and buyout
Lycos Inc.: Acquisition of Tripod Inc

Tripod.com - Investment and buyout
By the end of the year, Tripod and Angelfire also introduced account options allowing users to pay in order to keep their sites ad-free

Tripod.com - Domain name
Web sites generally are a subdomain of tripod.com. However, users can pay a monthly charge and own a domain name. Paying in this manner also allows for other benefits, such as more disk space for the site which allows the site owner to put more information onto it, and personalized accounts (i.e.

Tripod.com - Shutdown rumor
[ Lycos Mail, Tripod Death--Not So Fast]

Digital audio players - Apple iPod
In 2007, Apple introduced the iPod Touch, the first iPod with a multi-touch screen

Advanced Audio Coding - iTunes and iPod
In April 2003, Apple Inc.|Apple brought mainstream attention to AAC by announcing that its iTunes and iPod products would support songs in MPEG-4 AAC format (via a firmware update for older iPods)

On May 29, 2007, Apple began selling songs and music videos free of DRM from participating record labels

As of January 6, 2009, nearly all music on the USA regioned iTunes Store became DRM-free, with the remainder becoming DRM-free by the end of March 2009.

iTunes supports a Variable bit rate (VBR) encoding option which encodes AAC tracks in an Average bit rate (ABR) scheme. As of September 2009, Apple has added support for HE-AAC (which is fully part of the MP4 standard) only for radio streams, not file playback, and iTunes still lacks support for true VBR encoding. The underlying QuickTime API does offer a true VBR encoding profile however.

Sirius Satellite Radio - iPhone and iPod Touch application
Sirius XM has developed a software application for use on the Apple Inc.|Apple iPhone and Apple iPod Touch devices that allows its subscribers and users of those devices to listen to its programming

XM Satellite Radio - iPhone, iPod Touch, BlackBerry and Android applications
Sirius XM developed a software application for use on the Apple Inc.|Apple iPhone and Apple iPod Touch devices that will allow Sirius XM subscribers to listen to its programming over the Apple devices. The Sirius XM iPhone App became available in the Apple iTunes Store on June 17, 2009.

All Premium Sirius XM Internet Radio subscribers are able to download the application from the Apple App Store (iOS)|iTunes App-Store for free onto their device and access the service. Subscribers who listened to the Basic Online Service for free must first upgrade to the Premium Online Service for $2.99 per month to access the application on the iPhone or iPod Touch.

Sirius XM debuted a new web page [ to market the application.

On February 4, 2010, Sirius XM released an app for the Research In Motion BlackBerry line of smartphones, including the BlackBerry Storm|Storm (Series 9500), BlackBerry Bold|Bold (Series 9000 and 9700), BlackBerry Tour|Tour (Series 9600) and BlackBerry Curve|Curve (Series 8500 and 8900). Like the Apple iPhone/iPod Touch application, the BlackBerry App World|BlackBerry app is free but requires a Premium Sirius XM Online subscription.

Sirius XM is also available for download on Android (Operating System)|Android devices through the Android Market.

The applications carry most of the XM music, talk, sports and entertainment programming, as well as some exclusive Internet-only content. The Mobile Applications also carry a select number of channels from the Best of SIRIUS/XM packages, dependent on the subscriber's subscription level.

IPod+HP The 'Apple iPod+HP' is an Apple Inc.|Apple iPod with an Hewlett-Packard|HP logo on the back, distributed through HP. It was part of a distribution strategy designed to sell more iPods by selling them through HP's larger mass-market distribution network.

IPod+HP - HP and Napster
Originally, HP planned on launching a personal music player called the HP Pavilion Personal Media Player that was to have run on Microsoft's Windows Media Audio technology

IPod+HP - Launch The Apple iPod+HP was originally to have come in HP Blue[ Mac Rumors: HP's Blue iPod Revealed] to complement HP's consumer computers, but by the time the player was introduced in mid-2004, it was the same white color as the Apple product.

IPod+HP - Launch Initially, HP only offered the 20 and 40GB 4th-generation iPods. HP later added the iPod mini, the iPod photo, and the iPod shuffle to the lineup.[ HP Press Release: HP Adds iPod shuffle to Digital Music Player Lineup] Thanks to HP's distribution network, the iPod+HP was sold in retailers where Apple did not have any presence at the time, which included Wal-Mart, RadioShack, and Office Depot. Many of these retailers now sell Apple iPods.

IPod+HP - Launch As these were officially HP products rather than Apple products, Apple Store Genius Bars were not authorized to repair Apple iPod+HP iPods, and they had to be sent to an HP Authorized Service Center for repair, despite identical designs.[ iLounge Forums: iPod from HP]

IPod+HP - Discontinued
As part of the termination agreement, HP could not develop or sell an iPod competitor until August 2006

FireWire - iPod and iPhone
iPods released prior iPod classic|iPod with Dock Connector used IEEE 1394a ports for syncing music and charging, but in 2003, the FireWire port was no longer used in iPod and it's succeeded by Dock connector, since then, IEEE 1394 to 30-pin connector cables was made. Apple Inc. dropped support for FireWire cables in iPod Nano|iPod nano (4th Generation), iPod Touch|iPod touch (2nd Generation), and iPhone 3G in favor of Universal Serial Bus|USB cables.

Happy Mac - Sad iPod On the iPod, if damage or an error occurs in the hardware or the firmware, for example, if its files are deleted, a Sad iPod appears. This is similar to the Sad Mac, but instead of a Macintosh, there is an iPod, and there are no chimes of death. The icon also lacks a nose, and the trail off is on the other side. It also doesn't show hexadecimal codes indicating what problem occurred in the iPod. This error screen might not show up when a problem occurs in the newer iPods today.

Push e-mail - Apple iPhone and iPod Touch
Apple's iCloud service offers support for push , contacts, and calendars,[ Apple Introduces MobileMe Internet Service]. although as of the 24 February, 2012, this has been temporarily disabled in Germany due to lawsuits.[ Apple halts push services in Germany] However, by setting up a new account using IMAP-Idle, push is restored.

Apple Inc. advertising - iPod
The silhouette commercials are a family of advertising|commercials in a similar style that form part of the advertising campaign to promote the iPod, Apple's portable digital music player.

Apple Remote - iPods An iPod placed in a Apple Dock Connector|dock featuring an IR sensor can be used with the remote for music and media control. The remote's menu functionality does not work on the iPod. The Apple Remote can also be used to control the iPod Hi-Fi or third party devices tailored to it.

Address space layout randomization - iOS (iPhone, iPod touch, iPad)
Apple Inc.|Apple introduced ASLR in iOS 4.3 (released March 2011).[ Pwn2Own day 2: iPhone, BlackBerry beaten; Chrome, Firefox no-shows], Ars Technica, 11 March 2011

Apple Inc. litigation - Apple iPod, iTunes antitrust litigation
The case was granted class action status in 2012 and a website was set up for class members: [ ipodlawsuit.com] (this link works only with HTTP referer|referrers turned on in the browser)

Apple Inc. litigation - iPod battery life class action
In 2006 Apple Canada, Inc., also settled several similar Canadian class action suits alleging misrepresentations by Apple regarding iPod battery life.Apple, Inc., [ SEC Form 10-Q], May 1, 2008

List of Apple Inc. slogans - iPod
* Engineered for maximum funness

List of Apple Inc. slogans - iPod classic
* 1,000 songs in your pocket. (2001) used to promote the iPod classic|first generation iPod's large storage capacity and compact design.

* Introducing the new iPod family. (2002) used on apple.com.

* 7,500 songs in your pocket. (2003) used on apple.com.

* The best keeps getting better (2004) used to market iPod fourth generation.

* 10,000 songs in your pocket. (2004) used to market iPod fourth generation.

* Paint it black. (2004) used to market iPod U2 Special Edition fourth generation.

* One more thing... (2005) used to market iPod fifth generation with video.

* Watch your music (2005) used to market iPod fifth generation with video.

* 15,000 songs. 25,000 photos. 80 hours of video. (2005) used to market iPod fifth generation with video.

* Home stereo. Reinvented. (2006) used to market iPod Hi-Fi.

* Back for an encore. (2006) used to market iPod U2 Special Edition fifth generation with video.

* Tune your run. (2006) used to market Nike+iPod.

* Movies, TV shows, games, and music. Now playing on an iPod near you. (2006) used to market enhanced iPod fifth generation.

* Give the gift of iPod. (2006) used to market the iPod for Valentine's Day.

* Hold everything. (2007) used to market the sixth generation iPod, the iPod classic.

* Play more than music. Play a part. (2008) used to market the iPod Product Red|(PRODUCT)RED.

* One size fits all. (2009) used on their website to promote the new single sized iPod classic.

* Your Top 40,000. (2009) used to market the iPod classic.

List of Apple Inc. slogans - iPod mini
* Mini. The next big thing. (2004) used to market iPod mini.

List of Apple Inc. slogans - iPod mini
* Teeny doesn't mean weeny. (2004) used to market iPod mini.

List of Apple Inc. slogans - iPod shuffle
* Life is random. (2005) used to market iPod shuffle.

* Do not eat iPod shuffle (2005) Easter egg (media)|Easter egg slogan attached as a footnote to claim that the shuffle was about the size of a pack of gum.

* Give chance a chance. (2005) used to market iPod shuffle pro.

* Random is the new order. (2005) used to market iPod shuffle.

* Enjoy uncertainty. (2005) used to market iPod shuffle.

* Clip and go. (2006) used to market the second generation iPod shuffle.

* Put some music on. (2006) used to market the second generation iPod shuffle.

* Put some color on. (2006) used to market the 4 new colors for the second generation iPod shuffle.

* A new gig for iPod shuffle (2008) used to market iPod shuffle 2GB.

* Get your groove on. In four new colors (2008) used on the website to advertise the refresh of the iPod shuffle.

* Small Talk. (2009) used on their website to promote the new iPod shuffle.

* It's small. It talks. And it's in color. (2009) used to market iPod shuffle.

* The first music player that talks to you. Now in five colors. (2010) currently used to market iPod shuffle.

List of Apple Inc. slogans - iPod nano
* 1,000 songs. Impossibly small. (2005) used to market iPod nano.

* Completely remastered. (2006) used to market the second generation iPod nano.

* Put a different kind of change in your pocket. (2006) used to market iPod nano Product Red|(PRODUCT)RED.

* A little video for everyone. (2007) used to market the third generation iPod nano.

* nano-chromatic and Rockalicious (2008) used on the website to advertise the new fourth generation iPod nano's colors as well as new features.

* Nano Shoots Video.(2009) used on US and UK ads promoting the iPod nano 5th Generation with Video.

* A new way to nano (2010) Used to promote the new iPod nano.

* Multi-Touch. And multi-talented. (2011) Used to promote the sixth generation iPod nano.

* Completely Renanoed. (2012) Used to promote seventh generation iPod nano.

List of Apple Inc. slogans - iPod touch
* Touch comes to iPod was the original iPod touch slogan. (2007)[ iPod Touch 1G Ad : Touch comes to iPod - YouTube] Retrieved September 21, 2011.

* Now there's even more to touch. (2008) used to market the iPod touch firmware

* Everybody Touch. (2008) used in the new iPod touch commercial.

* What's new to touch. (2008) used in the January '08 software update of the iPod touch.

* Tap into what's new. (2008) also used in the January '08 software update of the iPod touch.

* Now there's even more to touch. (2008) used for advertising the new iPod touch software update.

* Pump up the volume. iPod Touch Now in 32GB. used to market the 32GB iPod touch.

* So much to touch. (2008) used to advertise the iPod touch 8GB, 16GB, and 32GB models.

* The funnest iPod ever. (2009) used on their website to promote the second generation (8GB) and third generation (32, 64 GB) iPod touch.

* Millions of songs. Thousands of videos. Hundreds of games. used on their website to promote the second generation iPod touch.

* Next level fun. (2009) used to market the iPod touch.

* Game on. And on. And on. (2010) used to market the iPod touch.

* It has fun written all over it. (2011) used to market the iPod touch.

* Share The Fun. (2011) Used in latest iPod touch advert, promoting Social Networking features in iOS 5.

* Engineered for maximum funness. (2012) Used to promote fifth generation iPod touch.

List of Apple Inc. slogans - Nike+iPod
* Meet your new personal trainer. (2010)

Sacrificial tripod A 'sacrificial tripod' is a three-legged piece of religious furniture used for offerings or other ritual procedures. As a seat or stand, the tripod is the most stable furniture construction for uneven ground, hence its use is universal and ancient. It is particularly associated with Apollo and the Delphic oracle in ancient Greece, and the word tripod comes from the Greek meaning three-footed.

Sacrificial tripod - Ancient Greece
The mytheme of Heracles contesting with Apollo for the tripod appears in vase-paintings older than the oldest written literature.Vase-paintings with the mythic motif begin in Geometric Style, but the identifications of Heracles and Apollo become certain only in the 6th century

Such tripods usually had three ears (rings which served as handles) and frequently had a central upright as support in addition to the three legs.

The form of the victory tripod, now missing from the top of the Lysicrates monument, has been rendered variously by scholars since the 18th century.

It is particularly striking that she sits on a cauldron supported by a tripod

According to Herodotus (The Histories, I.144), the victory tripods were not to be taken from the temple sanctuary precinct, but left there as dedications.Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book I.CXLIV:

[3] Now when a man of Halicarnassus called Agasicles won, he disregarded this law, and, carrying the tripod away, nailed it to the wall of his own house

Sometimes the tripod was used as a support for a lebes or cauldron or for supporting other items such as a vase.

Sacrificial tripod - Ancient China
p.49 for illustration of Ancient bronze tripod found at Anyang

Sacrificial tripod - Ancient China
It was described as a traditional Chinese sacrificial vessel symbolizing unity.[ National Unity Tripod presented to mark Xinjiang's 50th birthday], People's Daily, China, October 01, 2005

Montana - Antipodes Montana is one of only two continental US states (along with Geography of Colorado#Antipodes|Colorado) which is antipodes|antipodal to land. The Kerguelen Islands are antipodal to the Montana–Saskatchewan–Alberta border. No towns are precisely antipodal to Kerguelen, though Chester, Montana|Chester and Rudyard, Montana|Rudyard are close.

The War of the Worlds (novel) - Tripods
The Tripods trilogy of books features a central theme of invasion by alien-controlled tripods.

The War of the Worlds (novel) - Tripods
Other narratives, in addition to utilising the alien invasion trope, also involve the appearance of tripod alien fighting machines. The computer game Half-Life 2 makes an apparent homage to The War of the Worlds in the appearance of tripod fighting machines known as Striders, used by the alien invaders. In the video game Unreal Tournament III, one of the vehicles used by the antagonist is a large Darkwalker tripod that functions similarly to those in War of the Worlds.

Geography of the United States - Antipodes
The northern coast of Alaska is antipodal to coastal Antarctica, from mid Queen Maud Land to Enderby Land.

Antipode (journal) ).[ Online content][ Companion website/blog]

Antipode (journal) It publishes articles which offer analyses of geographical issues such as place, space, landscape, scale, human-environment relations, uneven development, boundaries, borders, and connections. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had an impact factor of 2.43 in 2012, ranking it 7th out of 72 journals in the category Geography.

Antipode (journal) Antipode is edited by Sharad Chari (Department of Anthropology, University of the Witwatersrand), Vinay Gidwani (Department of Geography, University of Minnesota), Katherine McKittrick (Department of Gender Studies, Queen's University), Jenny Pickerill (Department of Geography, University of Leicester) and Nik Theodore (Department of Urban Planning and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago). Its editorial office is managed by the Antipode Foundation's secretary, Andrew Kent.

IPod Photo It was merged back into the standard iPod Classic line within eight months of its introduction on June 28, 2005 as the iPod (with color display).

IPod Photo - Overview In addition to being a digital audio player, like other iPods, the iPod Photo allowed users to store and display color photographs. On June 28, 2005, the iPod Photo line was merged with the existing iPod line, giving all full-size iPods the same features and color screen as iPod Photo.

IPod Photo - Overview iPod Photo's design was nearly identical to the fourth-generation iPod, storing media on a hard drive and synchronizing with the user's personal computer|computer over FireWire or USB 2.0. However, unlike earlier models which had monochrome displays, its 220x176-pixel LCD was capable of displaying up to 65,536 colors.

IPod Photo - Overview iTunes was used to synchronize music and photos from the computer. Photos were displayable either on the built-in display, or on a TV with an additional TV cable. Using iTunes 4.7, users could sync photos from a folder, or Apple's iPhoto on the Apple Macintosh|Macintosh, or Adobe Photoshop Album 2.0 or Photoshop Elements 3.0 on Microsoft Windows|Windows.

IPod Photo - Specifications
The iPod Photo supported JPEG, BMP file format|BMP, Graphics Interchange Format|GIF, Tagged Image File Format|TIFF, and Portable Network Graphics|PNG graphic file formats, and could be attached to a television or other external display for slideshows. Apple's advertised battery (electricity)|battery life for continuous music playback was fifteen hours, or five hours for a continuous slideshow with music.

The iPod Photo was originally available in 40GB and 60GB models, which cost US$499 and US$599 respectively. On February 23, 2005, Apple discontinued the 1.9cm-thick 40GB model and introduced a lower-priced (US$349) and slimmer (1.6cm) 30GB iPod Photo. Additionally, it dropped the price of the 60GB model (which had always been 1.9cm thick) to US$449. However, the iPod dock and the FireWire and television video cables were sold separately.

On February 23, 2005, Apple announced the iPod Camera Connector which promised users of iPod Photo instant transfer of images from a USB-compatible digital camera to the iPod Photo. The main difference between this and Belkin's Digital Camera Link is that Apple's unit supports instant image viewing on the iPod Photo after transfer without having to connect the iPod Photo to a computer first.

IPod Photo - iPod (with color display)
On June 28, 2005, the iPod Photo and standard iPod were merged to create only one form of the white iPod. The 30GB model was dropped, and the 20GB model received a color screen. The price for the 60GB model was also dropped to US$399.

IPod Shuffle The 'iPod Shuffle' (branded and marketed by Apple as 'iPod shuffle') is a digital audio player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is the smallest model in Apple's iPod family, and was the first to use flash memory. The first model was announced at the Macworld Conference Expo on January 11, 2005; the current fourth generation model was introduced on September 1, 2010.

IPod Shuffle - 1st generation
In 2005, peak iPod first-generation Shuffle production occurred at a hundred thousand units per day, at the Asus factory.

It lacks a liquid crystal display|display and the trademark scroll wheel, playlist management features, and is missing the games, address book, calendar, alarm, and notes capability of larger iPods; it cannot be used with iSync. Due to the codec not being ported, it is incapable of playing Apple Lossless and Audio Interchange File Format|AIFF audio files.

Due to superior audio technology in the SigmaTel STMP35xx SOC and SDK, the iPod Shuffle has a better Bass (sound)|bass response than IPod Classic#Fourth generation|a 4th generation iPod, according to a review published days after its release.

Older versions of iTunes allowed an iPod Shuffle playlist to be viewed and changed while the unit is not connected; the next time the unit is connected, it can then be updated with the changed playlist

The unit also comes with a lanyard that attaches to the iPod Shuffle via an attached cap and this allows the user to wear the iPod Shuffle around his or her neck.

The iPod Shuffle can also be used as a USB flash drive. iTunes allows a user to set how much of the drive will be allowed for storing files, and how much will be used for storing music.

IPod Shuffle - 2nd generation
All previous iPod models have allowed the usage of either the Macintosh|Mac format or the Microsoft Windows|Windows format.[ Apple.com]

However, unlike the first generation iPod Shuffle, the second generation does not have a built-in USB connector

The second generation Shuffle can play MP3, MP3 Variable bitrate|VBR, Advanced Audio Coding|AAC, Protected AAC, Audible (formats 2, 3 and 4), WAV and AIFF. Due to its low processing power the only iTunes-supported file format that the iPod does not support is Apple Lossless. Using large file sizes inherent of WAV or AIFF files will very quickly fill the device's low 1GB capacity. iPod Shuffle cannot play music from music video files.

The new orange color is a first for the iPod franchise

On September 5, 2007, Apple refreshed the line with four new colors including a Product Red version. The new colors are turquoise, lavender, mint green, and Product Red, with the previous colors orange, blue, green, and pink being discontinued.

On February 19, 2008, Apple introduced a 2 GB version of the iPod Shuffle, retailing for US$69 and available in all the same colours as the 1 GB model. On the same day, the price of the 1 GB model was lowered from US$79 to US$49.

The blue, green and pink variants of the iPod Shuffle during this period reverted to shades that were similar to the colors that were released in January 2007, while the red variant was now a brighter shade.[ Ilounge.com]

In June 2009, Avon Products|Avon offered a gold iPod Shuffle (second generation) for $29 when purchased in conjunction with two ANEW skin care products.

The second generation 2 GB iPod Shuffle was discontinued on March 11, 2009 and the 1 GB version was discontinued on September 9, 2009.

IPod Shuffle - 3rd generation
It also gained support for multiple playlists, in contrast to previous versions of the iPod Shuffle, which allowed only a single playlist.

Some third-party headphones and headphone adapters include full support for the third generation iPod Shuffle

On September 9, 2009, Apple introduced three new colors for the iPod Shuffle: pink, blue, and green. The Apple Store also offered a 4 GB model made of polished stainless steel.[ Apple.com]. Apple.com. Retrieved on July 5, 2011.

IPod Shuffle - 4th generation
On September 1, 2010 the fourth generation was released as part of the new iPod lineup. The fourth generation features the return of clickable track and volume controls from the first two generations. The control pad is 18% larger than the second generation of iPod Shuffle. The dimensions of the device are and it weighs .

The model also features VoiceOver from the third generation, now with a devoted physical button, in twenty-nine languages (Chinese (Cantonese, Mandarin), Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (Australia, UK, U.S.), Finnish, French (Canada, France), German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Spanish (Mexico, Spain), Swedish, Thai and Turkish)

Unlike the second Generation, the iPod does not come with a dock, but like the third generation, comes with a 45mm USB Cable

IPod Shuffle - Reception and impact
However, the original and Mini iPods were expensive and the Shuffle was intended to make the iPod compete with mainstream players.

NPD Group estimates that the iPod Shuffle captured 43% of the flash-based music player market in February 2005, after only its second month of existence.[ Appleinsider.com] By March 2005 the iPod Shuffle's market share had risen to 58%.[ Shuffle captures 58 percent of flash players market, says Apple], ArsTechnica

In September 2006, Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced during his keynote presentation on the It's Showtime Special Event, that until then, Apple had sold 10 million first generation iPod Shuffles.

IPod Shuffle - Blinking light problem
This problem has also occurred on second generation iPod Shuffles.

IPod Shuffle - Blinking light problem
On October 26, 2006, Apple released an iPod Shuffle Reset Utility that corrected this problem for some owners of first-generation iPod Shuffles. Then, in March 2007, an updated iPod Reset Utility was released which can also address similar problems with second-generation iPod Shuffles.

IPod Shuffle - Third generation headphone controls
Also, inline control adapters that were made by third-party companies for use with the iPhone and iPod are incompatible with the iPod Shuffle.

IPod Shuffle - Third generation headphone controls
Several months after the third generation release, several third-party companies, including Belkin and Scosche, released adaptors which can be used to add the controls to standard headphones.[ Belkin.com][ Scosche.com]. Scosche.com. Retrieved on July 5, 2011.

IPod Hi-Fi 'iPod Hi-Fi' is a stereo system|speaker system that was developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. and was released on February 28, 2006, for use with any iPod digital music player. The iPod Hi-Fi retailed at the Apple Store (online)|Apple Store for United States dollar|US$349 until its discontinuation on September 5, 2007.

IPod Hi-Fi - At launch The iPod Hi-Fi was announced by Steve Jobs on February 28, 2006, alongside the first Intel-based Mac mini.

IPod Hi-Fi - Criticism * High price, more expensive than other similar products such as the iBoom and Bose Corporation|Bose's Bose SoundDock Digital Music System|SoundDock.

IPod Hi-Fi - Criticism * Placement of the iPod itself in a vulnerable location compared to other similar devices such as the Bose SoundDock. This is due to the iPod device sitting atop the unit, with no other method of securing the player to the dock besides the 30-pin dock connector.

IPod Hi-Fi - Criticism * The supplied remote control has limited functionality. The remote can only control the volume and skip between tracks within the selected playlist. The menu button switches between the dock and the audio-in port; it cannot assume the function of the menu button on the docked iPod itself.

IPod Hi-Fi - Criticism So, with the exception of the iPod shuffle, the iPod Hi-Fi can be used with all iPods with a dock connector, however will only charge iPods that support Firewire charging.

IPod Hi-Fi - Criticism * An adapter must be used to charge newer iPod models (except for iPod classic) and the iPhone 3G, 3GS, 4 and 4S because they require a lower voltage: the iPod Hi-Fi supplies 12VDC (FireWire) while the newer devices expect 5VDC (USB).

IPod Hi-Fi - Discontinuation
On September 5, 2007, the iPod Hi-Fi was discontinued by Apple, and disappeared from Apple's online store.[ Bye bye, HiFi - The Unofficial Apple Weblog (TUAW)]

IPod Classic The 'iPod Classic' (stylized and marketed as 'iPod classic' and formerly just 'iPod') is a portable media player formerly marketed by Apple Inc. The final generation had the largest storage size of any iPod offerings, with 160GB of storage.

IPod Classic There were six generations of the iPod classic, as well as a spin-off (the iPod Photo) that was later re-integrated into the main iPod line. All generations used a hard disk drive|hard drive for storage. The classic suffix was formally introduced with the rollout of the sixth-generation iPod on September 5, Prior to this, all iPod Classic models were simply referred to as iPods. It was available in silver or black replacing the signature iPod white.

IPod Classic Apple discontinued the iPod classic on September 9, The 160GB iPod Classic (6th generation) was the last Apple product to use the iPod dock connector|original 30-pin iPod connector, also discontinued September 2014.

IPod Classic - 1st generation
The iPod had a rated battery life of ten hours.

IPod Classic - 1st generation
On March 20, 2002, Apple introduced a 10GB model of the first generation iPod for US$499. vCard compatibility was added, as well, allowing iPods to display business card information synced from a Mac.

IPod Classic - 2nd generation
The second generation of the iPod Classic was introduced on July 17, Using the same body style as the first generation, the hold switch was redesigned, a cover was added to the FireWire port, and the mechanical wheel was replaced with a touch-sensitive wheel. The front plate also had rounded corners and edges. The second-generation class was available in 10GB for US$399 and 20GB for US$499. The first generation 5GB iPod was carried over, but its price was reduced to US$299.

Notably, the second-generation iPods and the updated first-generation iPod were now Windows-compatible. These versions came with a 4-pin to 6-pin FireWire adapter and were bundled with Musicmatch Jukebox. At that time iTunes was Mac only and unavailable for Windows.

In December 2002, Apple unveiled its first limited edition iPods, with either Madonna (entertainer)|Madonna’s, Tony Hawk’s, or Beck’s signature or No Doubt's band logo engraved on the back for an extra US$50.Dalrymple, Jim. [ Limited Edition Madonna, Tony Hawk, Beck iPods]. Macworld, September 10, Retrieved on January 7, 2007.

IPod Classic - 3rd generation
All iPods were now compatible with Mac and Windows out of the box, was simply requiring Windows users to reformat the iPod before use on a PC and both iTunes and Musicmatch were bundled with all iPods

IPod Classic - 3rd generation
The 15GB model was replaced by a 20GB model and the 30GB model was upgraded to 40GB on September 8, The Windows-based Musicmatch software was made obsolete and replaced by iTunes 4.1, the first version available for Microsoft Windows.

IPod Classic - 4th generation
In addition to using the iPod Mini's Click Wheel, the fourth generation iPod used the more energy-efficient components of the Mini, allowing the fourth generation iPod to over 12 hours of battery life while using the same battery as its predecessor.

U2 iPod customers also received 30 minutes of exclusive U2 video downloadable from the iTunes® Music Store.

A Special Harry Potter Edition was announced on September 7, It was released in conjunction with the Harry Potter Audiobooks in iTunes.[ Harry Potter Digital Audiobooks Debut Exclusively on iTunes Music Store] Apple.com It had a Hogwarts logo engraved on the back, and all 6 Harry Potter Audiobooks which were available at the time preloaded.

IPod Classic - iPod Photo
At the same time that the U2 iPod was announced, Apple also unveiled the iPod Photo.

Positioned as a premium version of the standard fourth generation iPod, the iPod Photo featured a 220x176 pixel LCD capable of displaying up to 65,536 colors. The photo supported JPEG, BMP, GIF, TIFF, and PNG graphic file formats, and could be attached to a television or other external display for slideshows. The battery was rated for 15 hours for music playback and 5 hours for slideshows with music. The photo was available in a 40GB version for US$499 and a 60GB version for US$599.

On February 23, 2005, both 40GB models (photo and regular) were replaced with a slimmer and lower-priced (US$349) 30GB photo model leaving only a 20GB iPod regular left. The price for the 60GB model was dropped to US$449, and accessory pack-ins were reduced, making the dock, FireWire cable, and television cable extra-cost options.

IPod Classic - iPod With Color Display
On June 28, 2005, the iPod Photo was merged into the monochrome iPod line. The 30GB model was dropped, and the 20GB monochrome iPod received a color screen. The price for the 60GB model was also dropped to US$399.

The fifth generation iPod was introduced on October 12, 2005, shortly after the introduction of the iPod Nano. The fifth generation iPod featured a x240 QVGA screen and a smaller Click Wheel. It was the first iPod to be able to play videos.

The fifth generation iPod was the last model to have a plastic face.

The fifth generation iPod plays video in MPEG-4 Part 14|MP4 (up to 2.5Mbit/s) and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC|H.264 (up to 1.5Mbit/s, MPEG-4 AVC#Profiles|baseline profile only) formats. Video such as TV shows, podcasts, music videos, and movies may be purchased from online stores such as the iTunes Store, or downloaded from Google Video and other sources, then imported to the iPod via iTunes software.

Videos or photo slideshows may be played from the fifth generation iPod on a television set, projector or monitor with the use of the Apple iPod AV cable or via a dock using an S-Video cable

Gapless playback and support for iPod games was enabled on all fifth generation iPods through a firmware update released at the same time.

The iPod Classic was offered in an 80GB model for MSRP US$249 and a 160GB model for MSRP US$349

IPod Classic - Revisions
During the 'Let's Rock' Apple Event on September 9, 2008, the 80GB and the thicker 160GB model were discontinued in favor of a thin 120 GB version retailing for US$249. It introduced Genius and audio recording capabilities which are also available in other iPod models released at similar times; no firmware update provides either feature to the first generation iPods.

Prior to the 'It's Only Rock and Roll' event on September 9, 2009, the price of the 120 GB version was dropped to US$229. During the event Apple re-introduced the 6th generation 160 GB model with the same slim profile as the 120 GB version, retailing at US$249. The 120 GB model was dropped and the 6th generation 160 GB was the only remaining iPod Classic.

Production of the iPod Classic continued in low volumes as a wiktionary:stop-gap|stop-gap measure to clear out abundant inventory of unused stand-alone parts, in which having some buyers has helped to ensure a good profit margin since supply somewhat exceeds demand for the iPod Classic.

On September 9, 2014, Apple discontinued the iPod Classic. The 160GB iPod Classic (6th generation) was the last Apple product to use the original iPod dock connector|30-pin iPod connector, also discontinued September 2014.

IPod Classic - User interface
iPods with color displays use Spatial anti-aliasing|anti-aliased graphics and text, with sliding animations. All iPods have five buttons and the later generations (4th and above) have the buttons integrated into the click wheel— a design which gives an uncluttered, minimalist User Interface|interface, though the circuitry contains multiple momentary button switches. The buttons are:

*Menu: to traverse backwards through the menus, toggle the backlight on older iPods, and jump to the main menu on newer iPods

*Center: to select a menu item

*Play / Pause: this doubles as an off switch when held

IPod Classic - Operating system and firmware
Custom firmware has also been developed such as Rockbox (up to 6G - 6G requires emCORE) and iPodLinux (up to 5G) which offer open-source alternatives to the standard firmware and operating system.

IPod Classic - Additional features
In March 2002, Apple added limited personal digital assistant|PDA-like functionality: text files can be displayed, while contacts and schedules can be viewed and synchronized with the host computer.

IPod Classic - Additional features
Some built-in iPod games|games are available, including Brick (a clone of Breakout (arcade game)|Breakout), Parachute (iPod Game)|Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz. A firmware update released in September 2006 brought some extra features to fifth generation iPods including adjustable screen brightness, gapless playback, and downloadable games. However, as of September 30, 2011, these games are no longer available on the iTunes Store.

IPod - connectivity There are three current versions of the iPod: the ultra-compact iPod Shuffle, the compact iPod Nano and the touchscreen iPod Touch.

IPod - connectivity Apple's iTunes software (and other alternative software) can be used to transfer music, photos, videos, iPod game|games, contact information, settings, Web bookmarks, and calendars, to the devices supporting these features from computers using certain versions of Apple Macintosh and Microsoft Microsoft Windows|Windows operating systems.

IPod - connectivity Before the release of iOS 5, the iPod branding was used for the media player included with the iPhone and iPad, a combination of the Music and Videos apps on the iPod Touch. As of iOS 5, separate apps named Music and Videos are standardized across all iOS-powered products. While the iPhone and iPad have essentially the same media player capabilities as the iPod line, they are generally treated as separate products. During the middle of 2010, iPhone sales overtook those of the iPod.

IPod - connectivity - History
As ordered by CEO Steve Jobs, Apple's hardware engineering chief Jon Rubinstein assembled a team of engineers to design the iPod line, including hardware engineers Tony Fadell and Michael Dhuey,[ Engineer of the Year Finalist Michael Dhuey’s Hardware Knowledge Helps Breathe Life Into iPod, TelePresence], Design News, September 24, 2007

IPod - connectivity - History
Kane Kramer applied for a UK patent for his design of a plastic music box in 1981, which he called the IXI.Boffey, Daniel [ Apple admit Briton DID invent iPod, but he's still not getting any money] Daily Mail, September 8, 2008

IPod - connectivity - Audio
The first-generation iPod Shuffle uses a Bridge tied load|dual-transistor output stage, rather than a single capacitor-coupled output, and does not exhibit reduced bass response for any load.

IPod - connectivity - Audio
[ Apple pulls iPod in France]

IPod - connectivity - Accessories
Scion (car)|Scion offers standard iPod connectivity on all their cars.

IPod - connectivity - Accessories
[ Two of six airlines say there's no ink on iPod deal], AppleInsider, November 15, 2006

IPod - connectivity - Software
If a user wishes to automatically sync music with another computer, an iPod's library will be entirely wiped and replaced with the other computer's library.

IPod - connectivity - Interface
The user interface for the iPod Touch is identical to that of the iPhone

IPod - connectivity - iTunes Store
The iTunes Store (introduced April 29, 2003) is an online media store run by Apple and accessed through iTunes

Up to five authorized computers and an unlimited number of iPods could play the files

However, iPods can also play music files from online stores that do not use DRM, such as eMusic or Amie Street.

Universal Music Group decided not to renew their contract with the iTunes Store on July 3, Universal will now supply iTunes in an 'at will' capacity.Evans, Jonny. [ Universal confirms iTunes contract change], Macworld UK, July 4, Retrieved on July 5, 2007.

Apple debuted the iTunes Wi-Fi Music Store on September 5, 2007, in its Media Event entitled The Beat Goes On.... This service allows users to access the Music Store from either an iPhone or an iPod Touch and download songs directly to the device that can be synced to the user's iTunes Library over a WiFi connection, or, in the case of an iPhone, the telephone network.

IPod - connectivity - Games
Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Breakout (arcade game)|Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg (virtual)|easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute (iPod Game)|Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz.

These games work on the 6th and 5th generation iPod Classic and the 5th and 4th generation iPod Nano.

With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro and Electronic Gaming Monthly|EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late.

Apps produced with the iPhone SDK are compatible only with the iOS on the iPod Touch and iPhone, which cannot run clickwheel-based games.

IPod - connectivity - File storage and transfer
Generally, if a new iPod (excluding the iPod Shuffle) is initially plugged into a computer running Windows, it will be formatted with FAT32, and if initially plugged into a Mac running Mac OS it will be formatted with HFS+.

Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though comparison of iPod managers|several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms.

iTunes 7 and above can transfer purchased media of the iTunes Store from an iPod to a computer, provided that computer containing the DRM protected media is authorized to play it.

Media files are stored on an iPod in a hidden folder, along with a proprietary database file. The hidden content can be accessed on the host operating system by enabling hidden files to be shown. The media files can then be recovered manually by copying the files or folders off the iPod. Many third-party applications also allow easy copying of media files off of an iPod.

IPod - connectivity - Models and features
While the suffix Classic was not introduced until the sixth generation, it has been applied here retroactively to all generic iPods for clarity.

IPod - connectivity - Patent disputes
Advanced Audio Devices claimed the iPod line breached its patent on a music jukebox,[ U.S

trade laws by importing iPods into the United States.

Creative then announced its intention to produce iPod accessories by joining the Made for iPod program.[ Apple Creative Announce Broad Settlement...], , Apple Inc.

IPod - connectivity - Sales
In January 2007 the iPod market share reached 72.7% according to Bloomberg Online.

In July 2005, HP stopped selling iPods due to unfavorable terms and conditions imposed by Apple.[ HP to stop selling Apple's iPods], Apple rumors community|AppleInsider, July 29, 2005

In January 2007, Apple reported record quarterly revenue of US$7.1billion, of which 48% was made from iPod sales.

On April 9, 2007, it was announced that Apple had sold its one-hundred millionth iPod, making it the biggest selling digital music player of all time. In April 2007, Apple reported second quarter revenue of US$5.2billion, of which 32% was made from iPod sales. Apple and several industry analysts suggest that iPod users are likely to purchase other Apple products such as Mac computers.

On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01billion with US$3.5billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4billion in cash and no debt.[ Apple Reports Fourth Quarter 2007 Results], Apple Inc., October 22, Retrieved on October 22, 2007.

42% of Apple's revenue for the First fiscal quarter of 2008 came from iPod sales, followed by 21% from notebook sales and 16% from desktop sales.Apple Inc

Since 2009, the company's iPod sales have continually decreased every financial quarter and in 2013 a new model was not introduced onto the market.

, Apple reported that total number of iPods sold worldwide was 350 million.

IPod - connectivity - Industry impact
Examples include CD copy-protection schemes,[ Apple, iPod, and CD Copy Protection], MacRumors

Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Glasgow Royal Infirmary|Royal and Western Infirmary|Western Infirmaries in Glasgow, Scotland, where iPods are used to train new staff.[ Hospitals train staff with iPods], BBC News, March 29, 2006

Duke University provided iPods to all incoming freshmen in the fall of 2004, and the iPod program continues today with modifications

The iPod's popularization of digital music storage allows users to abandon listening to entire albums and instead be able to choose specific singles which hastened the end of the Album Era in popular music.Tejas Morey

IPod - connectivity - Battery problems
[ Apple’s iPod Battery Settlement, Explained], iLounge, June 10, 2005

The official policy was that the customer should buy a refurbished replacement iPod, at a cost almost equivalent to a brand new one

Retrieved on November 26, 2006.[ Disassemble Guide for Video iPod]

The first generation iPod Nano may overheat and pose a health and safety risk. Affected iPod Nanos were sold between September 2005 and December This is due to a flawed battery used by Apple from a single battery manufacturer. Apple recommended that owners of affected iPod Nanos stop using them. Under an Apple product replacement program, affected Nanos were replaced with current generation Nanos free of charge.

IPod - connectivity - Reliability and durability
Apple initially considered the issue a minor defect, but later began shipping these iPods with protective sleeves.

IPod - connectivity - Labor disputes
[ Is It Ethical To Own an iPod?]

Foxconn, Apple's manufacturer, initially denied the abuses,[ Foxconn denies iPod 'sweatshop' claims], MacNN, June 19, 2006

In 2010, a number of workers committed suicide at a Foxconn operations in China

[ The Foxconn Suicides], May 28, 2010, wsj.com, WSJ opinion, accessed May 27, 2010

IPod earbuds 'Apple earbuds' are white in-ear headphones included with music players and smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. Some journalists have described them using the

IPod earbuds adjective iconic and revolutionary.[ CIRCUITS; Hold the Earbuds: Bluetooth and IPod Together at Last], New York Times, Adam Baer, July 7, 2005[ An Earful on Earbud Options], Wichita Eagle, February 4, 2006

IPod earbuds - Earbuds with remote
Same as standard ones, except they also feature a built-in remote. They shipped only with the third-generation iPod shuffle.

IPod earbuds - Apple In-Ear Headphones
'Apple In-Ear Headphones'[ Apple In-Ear Headphones with Remote and Mic], Apple Store[ Apple In-Ear Headphones], Apple.com[ Apple In Ear Headphones with Remote and Mic], Amazon.com (introduced on September 9, 2008, revised on September 12, 2012) are only sold independently

IPod click wheel The 'iPod click wheel' is the navigation component of several iPod models. It uses a combination of touch technology and traditional buttons, involving the technology of capacitive sensing, which senses the energy of the user's fingers. The wheel allows a user to find music, videos, photos and play games on the device. The wheel is flush on the face of the iPod and is located directly underneath the screen.

IPod click wheel The design was first released with the iPod Mini, and was last used with the iPod Classic.

IPod click wheel - Details
[ How iPods work.] How Stuff Works March 14, 2006 (accessed October 12, 2008)

The primary technology that the click-wheel demonstrates is that of Capacitive Sensing

This same principle is applied to the iPod Classic and on the first through fifth generations of the iPod Nano.

The brain behind the click-wheel is the conductive membrane behind the plastic covering

IPod click wheel - Lawsuits
It is not widely known that Apple did not develop the click wheel; Synaptics came up with the design for the device.Hurst, Wolfgang. [ A Study of Algorithms in Mobile Devices] March 2007 Click Wheel Study (accessed October 12, 2008). There have nevertheless been a few lawsuits concerning its capacitance-sensing technology.

IPod Nano The 'iPod Nano' (stylized and marketed as 'iPod nano') is a portable media player designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The first generation iPod Nano was introduced on September 7, 2005 as a replacement for the iPod Mini. It uses flash memory for storage. The iPod Nano has gone through several differing models, or generations, since its introduction. The current seventh generation iPod Nano was released in October 2012.

IPod Nano - Development
Development work on the design of the iPod Nano started only nine months before its launch date

IPod Nano - 1st generation
The stated battery life was up to 14 hours, while the screen was 176×132 pixels, diagonal, displaying 65,536 colors (Highcolor|16-bit color).[ iPod Nano (1st Generation) Technical Speifications] – Apple.com 1, 2, and 4 GB capacities were available.

IPod Nano - 1st generation
However, shortly after the discontinuation of the 1st generation, Apple has replaced these nanos with newer generations. The recall is still in affect today.

IPod Nano - 2nd generation
On September 25, 2006, Apple updated the Nano line

The 2GB model was available in silver only. The 4 GB was initially available in green, blue, silver, or pink, and the 8 GB model was initially only available in black - red was later added for 4 and 8 GB models. Apple claimed that the second generation iPod Nano's packaging was 32% lighter with 52% less volume than the first generation, thereby reducing environmental impact and shipping costs.

On October 13, 2006, Apple announced a special edition iPod Nano; Product Red, with a red exterior and 4 GB of storage. For each red iPod Nano sold in the United States, Apple donates US$10 to the Product Red initiative, while retaining the regular price. On November 3, 2006, Apple introduced a red 8 GB model, due to outstanding customer demand, again retaining the same price point of the equivalent black model.

IPod Nano - 3rd generation
On January 22, 2008, Apple released a pink version of the 8GB iPod Nano.

Combining elements from previous generations of the iPod Nano, the third-generation Nano had an aluminum front plate and a stainless steel back plate. The Nano also sported a new Minimalistic hold switch, similar to the iPod Shuffle's power switch, which had been moved to the bottom of the player. The screen had the smallest dot pitch of any Apple product, having the same pixel count as the display of the iPod Classic.

The update was also released for the iPod Classic

IPod Nano - 4th generation
At the Apple Let's Rock Event on September 9, 2008, the iPod Nano Fourth Generation was officially announced

Also added was an accelerometer which allows the Nano to shuffle songs by shaking it, the option between portrait and landscape display modes by tilting the iPod left or right, and access to Cover Flow when tilted sideways

Also, the iPod Quiz game was dropped and replaced with a Maze game which makes use of the iPod's accelerometer similarly to such games on the iPhone and iPod Touch.

The fourth generation dropped support for charging via FireWire. This change means that any dock accessories that use the dock connector's FireWire pins to send power—many older speakers and car chargers, for example—will not charge the fourth-generation iPod Nano.

At Apple's September 9, 2009 event, a fifth generation iPod Nano was unveiled with reduced prices on the larger model (at the time of release, the 8GB was priced at $149 and the 16GB at $179), a larger, diagonal screen (up from in third and fourth generation iPod Nanos), which was also wider, integrated video camera with 16 special effects, microphone, FM Radio with iTunes|iTunes tagging (via Radio Data System|RDS) multiple radio regions including Americas, Asia, Australia, Europe, and Japan.

As well as continuing to support picture viewing and video playback, it also included Live Pause, a built-in pedometer, Nike+iPod|Nike+iPod Support and a Loudspeaker|speaker. This model also had the Genius Mix feature installed.

The headphone jack and IPod dock connector|dock connector swapped locations so that the headphone jack was to the left of the dock connector. Therefore the fifth generation iPod Nano used a different Apple Universal Dock insert than the fourth generation.

The fifth generation iPod Nano had nine finishes: Silver, Black, Purple, Blue, Yellow, Orange, Product Red, Green and Pink. All have a glossier, shinier finish than the fourth generation. Just like the fourth-generation iPod Nano, Product Red and the yellow Nano were only available on the Apple Online Store and Apple Retail Store.

This generation was discontinued on September 1, 2010.

At a media event on September 1, 2010, Apple announced the sixth generation iPod Nano, which, among many new features, was designed around a high resolution square touch-screen.

The 6th generation iPod Nano had the same price point as the 5th generation device.

On October 4, 2011, the iPod Nano 1.2 update was unveiled at the Apple Let's Talk iPhone event at the Town Hall, 4 Infinite Loop

Although not specifically designed as one, some accessory makers produced watchbands for the 6th generation Nano, allowing it to be worn like a watch. In September 2013, TUAW compared the iPod Nano to the Samsung Galaxy Gear, and considered the three year-old model to be a better, cheaper smartwatch|[smart]watch than the Galaxy Gear because of its more complete functionality in comparison. Not to mention the inclusion of a headphone port compared to no headphone port on the Samsung.

IPod Nano - Supported audio formats
Lossy audio compression|Lossy:

*Advanced Audio Coding|AAC (8 to 320kbit/s)

**Protected AAC (from the iTunes Store)

*MP3 (8 to 320Kib/s, including variable bitrate files)

*Audible.com|Audible (formats 2, 3 and 4)

Lossless audio|Lossless/original Pulse-code modulation|PCM:

IPod Nano - Reception The initial consumer response to the iPod Nano was overwhelmingly positive and sales were heavy. The Nano sold its first million units in only 17 days, helping Apple Inc. to a record billion-dollar profit in 2005.

IPod Nano - Reception Apple's release of the iPod Nano as a replacement for the iPod Mini was viewed by many as a risky move. Steve Jobs argued that the iPod Nano was a necessary risk since competitors were beginning to catch up to the iPod Mini in terms of design and features, and believed the iPod Nano would prove to be even more popular and successful than the iPod Mini.

IPod Nano - Reception In early 2009, Apple was in the process of settling a court case over the scratched iPod Nano screens

IPod Nano - Incidents In Australia, an iPod Nano caught fire while being charged on a PC. Since the limited warranty was expired, the consumer was not able to get a replacement right away.

IPod Nano - Incidents In another incident, a man's iPod Nano set his pants on fire while he was working at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. Apple Inc., refused to release a statement regarding this issue.

IPod Nano - Incidents On August 10, 2010, Apple Japan released a statement saying that it would replace any iPod Nanos that overheated.

IPod Nano - Incidents Since 2010, users have been reporting the 6th generation iPod Nano's sleep/wake button remains stuck after months of use, making it impossible to activate the device without the help of a computer or a dock accessory. According to a technical inspection, the device uses double-sided tape to hold the button in place, indicating a possible design fault.

IPod Nano - Incidents Because using the iPod nano 6th generation with a Mac computer requires iTunes 10 or higher, which in turn requires Mac OS X Leopard system software, Apple will upgrade the system software of participants running earlier versions of OS X, on request but this leaves users that do not have access to iTunes without a working device (because Apple changed the hashing of the music database which prevented the 6th generation iPod Nano from being used with open source software via libgpod).

IPod Mini While it was in production, it was one of the most popular electronic products on the market,supply shortages in Walmart: iPod Mini 2G, iPod Classic Walmart Announsement with consumers often unable to find a retailer with the product in stock.supply shortages in Walmart: iPod Mini 2G, iPod Classic Walmart Announsement The iPod Mini was discontinued on September 7, 2005 and was replaced by the iPod Nano.

IPod Mini The click wheel is now also used in the iPod Classic|fourth, iPod Classic|fifth and iPod Classic|sixth generation iPods and the iPod Nano, from first generation through the fifth; however, in the Nano and 5G iPods onwards, the click wheel used was developed by Apple.

IPod Mini Above the wheel was a monochrome 138x110 LCD that displayed a menu or information about the selected track. Newer-generation iPods have since adopted color displays.

IPod Mini - Details First generation iPod Minis were available in five colors: silver, gold, pink, blue, and green

IPod Mini - Details The iPod Mini used Microdrive hard drives (CompactFlash II) made by Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi and Seagate Technology|Seagate. First generation models were available in a 4GB size, while second generation models were available in both 4GB and 6GB versions (quoted as capable of storing roughly 1,000 and 1,500 songs, respectively) and eventually the second generation had the capacity laser engraving|laser etched into the aluminum case.

IPod Mini - Details iPod Mini batteries, like many Lithium Ion batteries, run down to 80% capacity after 400 full charge cycles.

IPod Mini - Details A Proprietary hardware|proprietary dock connector was provided on the bottom of the device for a connection to a computer's Universal Serial Bus|USB or FireWire port. The unit's battery could be charged during connection. Along the top it had a hold switch, a headphone jack, and a remote connector for accessories.

IPod Mini - Details Like the iPod Nano, the iPod Mini supported MP3, Advanced Audio Coding|AAC/M4A, WAV, AIFF, and Apple Lossless audio formats. It also retained the iPod's integration with iTunes and the iTunes Store, allowing for syncing between the software application and the iPod Mini.

IPod Mini - Modification
Soon after the release of the iPod Mini, third party replacement batteries have been made available because its capacity decreases over time. There are various manuals for battery replacement on the internet and many outlets selling compatible Lithium-ion batteries for those who wish to avoid the expensive charge for sending the iPod back to Apple. Many such batteries are of higher capacity than the original – some are up to 2000mAh while the stock battery is around 400mAh.

IPod Mini - Modification
Recently users have replaced the 4 or 6GB Microdrive with high capacity 8, 16,[ turn your iPod mini into a flash based iPod :: projects :: geek technique], retrieved January 30, , 64 and even 128GB CompactFlash cards

IPod Mini - iPod Nano On September 7, 2005, Apple released the first generation iPod Nano. The Nano used flash memory to accomplish an even thinner casing, and featured a color screen. The headphone jack was moved to the bottom of the device, the dock connector shifted-off center, and the 4-pin remote connector was removed, among other changes.

Musicmatch Jukebox - Apple iPod and Musicmatch
On July 17, 2002 Apple introduced the first iPod for Windows, which included the Musicmatch Jukebox to manage the user's music library and transfer music to the iPod. With the introduction of iTunes for Windows on October 16, 2003 they stopped bundling the Musicmatch software.

Parachute (iPod Game) 'Parachute' is an iPod game released by Apple Inc. for various iPod models. The game is installed in the firmware. It is very similar to the Apple II game Sabotage (computer game)|Sabotage.

Parachute (iPod Game) - Gameplay
Shooting a paratroopers will not release anything that can harm other enemies, however, shooting the parachute will cause the paratrooper to fall and kill any paratroopers directly below.[ Info on iPod games] from Apple Inc.

One point is deducted for every shot taken

Sometime during game play paratroopers stop appearing and falling, letting the player fire at the helicopters with no further risks of being destroyed, and easily reach the maximum score of 1000 points; no known exploits had been found to generate this scenario consistently.

When the player loses, debris falls on the turret, causing it to explode. The player may then press the select button again, initiating a new game.

Amphipods 'Amphipoda' is an order (biology)|order of malacostracan crustaceans with no carapace and generally with laterally compressed bodies. Amphipods range in size from and are mostly detritivores or scavengers. There are more than 9,500 amphipod species so far described. They are mostly marine animals, but are found in almost all aquatic environments. Some 1900 species live in freshwater, and the order also includes terrestrial animals and Talitridae|sandhoppers such as Talitrus saltator.

Amphipods - Etymology and names
The name Amphipoda comes, via the New Latin , from the Greek language|Greek root (linguistics)|roots (different) and (foot), in reference to two kinds of legs that amphipods possess. This contrasts with the related Isopoda, which have a single kind of thoracic leg. Particularly among Angling|anglers, amphipods are known as freshwater shrimp, scuds or sideswimmers.

Amphipods - Anatomy The body of an amphipod is divided into 13 segments, which can be tagmosis|grouped into a head, a thorax and an abdomen.

Amphipods - Anatomy The head is fused to the thorax, and bears two pairs of antenna (biology)|antennae and one pair of sessile compound eyes. It also carries the arthropod mouthparts|mouthparts, but these are mostly concealed.

Amphipods - Anatomy The thorax and abdomen are usually quite distinct and bear different kinds of legs; they are typically laterally compressed, and there is no carapace

Amphipods - Anatomy The abdomen is divided into two parts: the pleosome which bears pleopod|swimming legs; and the urosome, which comprises a telson and three pairs of uropods which do not form a tail fan as they do in animals such as true shrimp.

Amphipods - Size The size of amphipods is limited by the availability of dissolved oxygen, such that the amphipods in Lake Titicaca at an altitude of can only grow up to , compared to lengths of in Lake Baikal at .

Amphipods - Reproduction and life cycle
Mature females bear a marsupium, or brood pouch (Peracarida)|brood pouch, which holds her egg (biology)|eggs while they are fertilisation|fertilised, and until the young are ready to hatch

Amphipods - Diversity and classification
Over 9,500 species of amphipods are currently recognized.[ Introduction] World Amphipoda Database (read 15 February 2014) Traditionally they were placed in the four suborders Gammaridea (which contained the majority of taxa, including all the freshwater and terrestrial animal|terrestrial species), Caprellidea, Hyperiidea, and Ingolfiellidea (the latter with only 40 species).

The classification of the Amphipoda is however being rearranged to better reflect their phylogeny, the relationships within the suborder Gammaridea having suffered from the most confusion. A new classification has been developed in the works of Lowry Myers, where a new large suborder Senticaudata wa split off from the Gammaridea in That taxon, which also encompasses the previous Caprellidea, now comprises over half of the known amphipod species.

The classification given below, from the taxonomic rank|rank of suborder down to superfamily, however still represents the traditional division as given in Martin Davis (2001), except that superfamilies are recognised here within the Gammaridea.

* Eusiroidea

* Kurioidea

* Leucothoidea

* Thurstonellidae|Thurstonelloidea

* Whale louse|Cyamida

** Whale louse|Cyamidae

Amphipods - Fossil record
Amphipods are thought to have originated in the Lower Carboniferous. Despite the group's age, however, the fossil record of the order Amphipoda is meagre, comprising specimens of 12 species dating back only as far as the Upper Eocene, where they have been found in Baltic amber.

Amphipods - Ecology Notably rich endemic amphipod faunas are found in the ancient lakes Baikal and waters of the Caspian Sea basin.

Amphipods - Ecology The landhoppers of the family Talitridae (which also includes semi-terrestrial and marine animals) are terrestrial animal|terrestrial, living in damp environments such as leaf litter. Landhoppers have a wide distribution in areas that were formerly part of Gondwanaland, but have colonised parts of Europe and North America in recent times.

Amphipods - Ecology Around 750 species in 160 genera and 30 families are troglobite|troglobitic, and are found in almost all suitable habitats, but with their center of diversity|centres of diversity in the Mediterranean Basin, southeastern North America and the Caribbean.

Amphipods - Ecology The most notable example of parasitic amphipods are the whale louse|whale lice (family Cyamidae); unlike other amphipods, these are dorso-ventrally flattened, and have large, strong claws, with which they attach themselves to baleen whales

Amphipods - Ecology Most amphipods are detritivores or scavengers, with some being Grazing|grazers of algae, omnivores or predators on small insects and crustaceans. Food is grasped with the front two pairs of legs which are armed with large claws. The incidence of cannibalism and intraguild predation is relatively high in some species, although adults may decrease cannibalistic behaviour directed at juveniles when they are likely to encounter their own offspring.

Geography of Japan - Antipodes
The only part of Japan with antipodes over land are the Ryukyu Islands, though the islands off the western coast of Kyūshū are close.

The northernmost antipodal island in the Ryukyu Island chain, Nakanoshima (Kagoshima)|Nakanoshima, is opposite the Brazilian coast near Capão da Canoa

The Sakishima Islands beyond the straits are antipodal to Paraguay, from the Brazilian border almost to Asunción, with Ishigaki Island|Ishigaki overlapping San Isidro de Curuguaty, and the uninhabited Senkaku Islands surrounding Villarrica, Paraguay|Villarrica.

Geography of Iceland - Antipodes
Iceland is not antipodes|antipodal to any land mass. The closest are the Balleny Islands off Antarctica, claimed by New Zealand. The antipodes of the northernmost of these, Young Island, lie between Flatey, Skjálfandi|Flatey and Grímsey Islands off the north central Icelandic coast, about 10km from either.

Comparison of iPod managers
This article focuses on iPod managing software. i.e. Software that permits the transferring of content between an iPod and a computer or vice versa.

Comparison of iPod managers
iTunes is the official iPod managing software, but 3rd parties have created alternatives to work around restrictions in iTunes. e.g. Transferring content from an iPod to a computer is restricted by iTunes.

Comparison of iPod managers - iPod syncing and maintenance features
#fn 1-2 back|Note 2: gtkpod developers have found a workaround [

Comparison of iPod managers - iPod syncing and maintenance features
#fn 1-3 back|Note 3: As of Version 3.02 [

Comparison of iPod managers - ()
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IEEE 1394 interface - iPod and iPhone synchronization and charging
iPods released prior iPod classic|iPod with Dock Connector used IEEE 1394a ports for syncing music and charging, but in 2003, the FireWire port was no longer used in iPod and it was succeeded by Apple's Dock connector, since then, IEEE 1394 to 30-pin connector cables were made. Apple Inc. dropped support for FireWire cables in iPod Nano|iPod nano (4th Generation), iPod Touch|iPod touch (2nd Generation), and iPhone 3G in favor of Universal Serial Bus|USB cables.

Geography of Peru - Antipodes
The eastern corner of Thailand corresponds to coastal Peru around Nazca, and the south of Laos is antipodal to the coastal area just south of that

Deep foundation - Tripod piles
The use of a tripod rig to install piles is one of the more traditional ways of forming piles. Although unit costs are generally higher than with most other forms of piling, it has several advantages which have ensured its continued use through to the present day. The tripod system is easy and inexpensive to bring to site, making it ideal for jobs with a small number of piles.

- a iPod Classic#Fourth generation|fourth generation iPod Classic
List of iPod models - a iPod Classic#Fourth generation|fourth generation iPod Classic

List of iPod models Only the most recent generation and refurbished units of previous generations of the iPod line are available from Apple for each model (classic, nano, shuffle, touch)

List of iPod models - Models
Current iPods no longer ship with iTunes, which must be downloaded from Apple's website.

This iPod was updated alongside the iPod Photo and fifth generation iPod.

They were updated when the fifth generation iPods were released, but were only available for a limited time.

IPod game These games should not be confused with games for the iPod Touch, which require iOS and are only available on Apple's App Store (iOS)|App Store on iTunes.

IPod game - History Those games were: Bejeweled, Cubis 2, Mahjong, Mini Golf|Mini Golf, Pac-Man, Tetris, Texas Hold 'Em, Vortex (iPod game)|Vortex, and Zuma (computer game)|Zuma

IPod game - History In May 2007 Apple released Lost: The Video Game based on the Lost (2004 TV series)|television show, which is made by Gameloft. In June 2007 SAT Prep 2008 by Kaplan, Inc.|Kaplan. This was introduced as 3 separate educational games based on the subjects writing, reading, and mathematics. In December 2007, Apple released Sega's classic game; Sonic the Hedgehog (1991 video game)|Sonic the Hedgehog, which was originally packaged with the Sega Genesis system in the early 1990s.

IPod game - History With third parties like Namco, Square Enix, Electronic Arts|EA, Sega, and Hudson Soft all making games for the iPod, Apple's MP3 player has taken great steps towards entering the video game handheld console market. Even video game magazines like GamePro Electronic Gaming Monthly|EGM have reviewed and rated most of their games as of late.

IPod game - History The iOS SDK covers only iOS on the iPhone and iPod Touch, not traditional iPods.

Geography of France - Antipodes
The only significant land mass antipodal to metropolitan France is the Chatham Islands of New Zealand, corresponding to an area north of Montpellier including much of the Cévennes National Park, though the antipodes of the uninhabited Bounty Islands are between Tours, Orléans, and Le Mans, and those of the likewise uninhabited Antipodes Islands are in Normandy, near Saint-Saëns, Seine-Maritime|Saint-Saëns outside of Rouen

Wallis and Futuna are antipodal to Niger north of Niamey (spec

In French Polynesia, the Marquesas are opposite central Ethiopia; the Society Islands of northern Sudan, with Tahiti close to antipodal with Al Dabbah, Sudan|Al Dabbah on the Nile. The Austral Islands cover southern Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The Tuamotus cover a broad swath of Sudan, northern Eritrea, the Red Sea, and Saudi Arabia, with Khartoum antipodal to Rangiroa and Jeddah close to Tematangi. The Gambier Islands overlap Arabia, with Mangareva between Riyadh and Mecca.

Antipodes In geography, the 'antipodes' (; from Ancient Greek|Greek: ἀντίποδες,[ Antipodes], Liddell and Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, at Perseus. from anti- opposed and wikt:πούς|pous foot) of any place on Earth is the point on the Earth's surface which is diametrically opposite to it. Two points that are antipodal to each other are connected by a straight line running through the centre of the Earth.

Antipodes The antipodes of Australia are in the North Atlantic Ocean, while parts of Spain, Portugal, and Morocco are antipodal to New Zealand.

Antipodes Approximately 15% of land territory is antipodal to other land, representing approximately 4.4% of the Earth's surface. The largest antipodal land masses are the Malay Archipelago, antipodal to the Amazon Basin and adjoining Andes|Andean ranges; east China and Mongolia, antipodal to Chile and Argentina; and Greenland and the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, antipodal to East Antarctica.

Antipodes - Geography The antipodes of any place on the Earth is the place that is diameter|diametrically opposite it, so a line drawn from the one to the other passes through the centre of the Earth and forms a true diameter. For example, the antipodes of New Zealand's lower North Island lies in Spain. Most of the Earth's land surfaces have ocean at their antipodes, this being a consequence of most land being in the land hemisphere.

Antipodes - Geography An antipodal point is sometimes called an antipode, a back-formation from the plural antipodes, which in Greek language|Greek is the plural of the singular antipous.

Antipodes - Geography The antipodes of any place on Earth are distant from it by 180° of longitude and as many degrees to the north of the equator as the original is to the south (or vice versa); in other words, the latitudes are numerically equal, but one is north and the other south

Antipodes - Geography Noon at the one place is midnight at the other (ignoring daylight saving time and irregularly shaped time zones) and, with the exception of the tropics, the longest day at one point corresponds to the shortest day at the other, and Winter solstice|midwinter at one point coincides with midsummer at the other. Sunrise and sunset do not quite oppose each other at antipodes due to refraction of sunlight.

Antipodes - Mathematical description
If the geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) of a point on the Earth's surface are (φ, θ), then the coordinates of the antipodal point are (−φ, θ ± 180°). This relation holds true whether the Earth is approximated as a perfect sphere or as a reference ellipsoid.

In terms of the usual way these geographic coordinates are given, this transformation can be expressed symbolically as

that is, for the latitude (the North/South coordinate) the magnitude of the angle remains the same but N is changed to S and vice versa, and for the longitude (the East/West coordinate) the angle is replaced by its supplementary angle while E is exchanged for W. For example, the antipodes of the point in China at (a few hundred kilometres from Beijing) is the point in Argentina at (a few hundred kilometres from Buenos Aires).

Antipodes - Etymology The Greek word is attested in Plato's dialogue Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus, already referring to a spherical Earth, explaining the relativity of the terms above and below:

Antipodes - Etymology The term is taken up by Aristotle (De caelo 308a.20), Strabo, Plutarch and Diogenes Laertius, and was adopted into Latin as antipodes. The Latin word changed its sense from the original under the feet, opposite side to those with the feet opposite, i.e. a bahuvrihi referring to hypothetical people living on the opposite side of the Earth. Medieval illustrations imagine them in some way inverted, with their feet growing out of their heads, pointing upward.

Antipodes - Etymology In this sense, Antipodes first entered English language|English in 1398 in a translation of the 13th century De Proprietatibus Rerum by Bartholomeus Anglicus, translated by John of Trevisa:

Antipodes - Etymology (In Modern English: Yonder in Ethiopia are the Antipodes, men that have their feet against our feet.)

Antipodes - Historical significance
Pomponius Mela, the first Roman geographer, asserted that the earth had two habitable zones, a North and South one, but that it would be impossible to get into contact with each other because of the unbearable heat at the equator.

Augustine asserted that it is too absurd to say that some men might have set sail from this side and, traversing the immense expanse of ocean, have propagated there a race of human beings descended from that one first man.[ De Civitate Dei, Book XVI, Chapter 9 — Whether We are to Believe in the Antipodes], translated by Marcus Dods (theologian)|Rev

In the Early Middle Ages, Isidore of Seville|Isidore of Seville's widely read Etymologiae|encyclopedia presented the term antipodes as referring to antichthones (people who lived on the opposite side of the Earth), as well as to a geographical place; these people came to play a role in medieval discussions about the Flat earth#Early Middle Ages|shape of the Earth

The antipodes being an attribute of a spherical Earth, some authors used their perceived absurdity as an argument for a flat Earth.

Christ would either have appeared a second time, in the antipodes, or left them damned irredeemable

The author of the Norwegian book Konungs Skuggsjá, from around 1250, discusses the existence of antipodes. He notes that (if they exist) they will see the sun in the north in the middle of the day and that they will have opposite seasons of the people living in the Northern Hemisphere.

The earliest surviving account by a European who had visited the Southern Hemisphere is that of Marco Polo (who, on his way home in 1292, sailed south of the Malay Peninsula). He noted that it was impossible to see the star Polaris from there.

The idea of dry land in the southern climes, the Terra Australis, was introduced by Ptolemy and appears on European maps as an imaginary continent from the 15th century. In spite of having been discovered relatively late by European explorers, Australia was inhabited very early in human history; the ancestors of the Indigenous Australians reached it at least 50,000 years ago.

Antipodes - Air travel between antipodes
The longest non-stop scheduled flight was the discontinued (as of November 2013) Singapore Airlines Flight 21 between Newark, New Jersey and Singapore, covering 15,343km (9,534 miles) in about 18.5 hours flight time, and this was far from a journey between nearly-antipodal locations (Madrid and Auckland are 19,590km apart; Buenos Aires and Beijing are 19,260km apart; Johannesburg and Honolulu are 19,188km apart; New York City and Perth are 18,700km apart). While a flight between antipodal locations by non-supersonic travel might present difficulties for passengers, airlines assign Aircrew#Relief_crew|relief crewmembers to assume their primary pilot positions for designated portions of long-haul flights, allowing those pilots to rest or sleep.[ Relief Crews On Long Haul Flights], Airliners.net, March 18, 2002.

Antipodes - Earth Around 71% of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans, and seven-eighths of the Earth's land is confined to the land hemisphere, so the majority of locations on land do not have land-based antipodes.

Antipodes - Earth The two largest human inhabited antipodal areas are located in East Asia (mainly eastern China) and South America (mainly northern Argentina and Chile).

Antipodes - Earth The Australian mainland is the largest landmass with its antipodes entirely in ocean, although some locations of mainland Australia and Tasmania are close to being antipodes of islands (Bermuda, Azores, Puerto Rico) in the North Atlantic Ocean.

* Christchurch (New Zealand) — A Coruña (Spain)
Antipodes - Cities * Christchurch (New Zealand) — A Coruña (Spain)

* Hong Kong — La Quiaca (Argentina)
Antipodes - Cities * Hong Kong — La Quiaca (Argentina)

* Junín, Buenos Aires|Junín (Argentina) — Lianyungang (China)
Antipodes - Cities * Junín, Buenos Aires|Junín (Argentina) — Lianyungang (China)

Antipodes - Cities * Padang, Indonesia|Padang (Indonesia) — Esmeraldas, Ecuador|Esmeraldas (Ecuador)

* Ulan Ude (Russia) — Puerto Natales (Chile)
Antipodes - Cities * Ulan Ude (Russia) — Puerto Natales (Chile)

Antipodes - Cities To within 100km, with at least one major city (population of at least 1 million):

Antipodes - Cities * Xi'an (China) — Santiago, Chile|Santiago, or more precisely Rancagua or San Bernardo, Chile|San Bernardo (Chile)

Antipodes - Cities * Auckland (New Zealand) — Seville, Setenil de las Bodegas and Málaga (Andalusia, Spain)

Antipodes - Cities * Beijing (China) — Buenos Aires (Argentina); both cities have populations in the millions, and have been town twinning|twinned since 1983, #Mathematical description|a few hundred km

Antipodes - Cities * Shanghai (China) — Buenos Aires (Argentina); Buenos Aires is actually closer (~380km) to the antipode of Shanghai (Salto, Uruguay|Salto, Uruguay) than to the antipode of Beijing (Bahía Blanca), the latter being located at ~540km from Buenos Aires

* Guayaquil (Ecuador) — Medan (Indonesia), ~220km
Antipodes - Cities * Guayaquil (Ecuador) — Medan (Indonesia), ~220km

* Phnom Penh (Cambodia) — Lima (Peru), ~220km
Antipodes - Cities * Phnom Penh (Cambodia) — Lima (Peru), ~220km

* Dili (Timor-Leste) — Paramaribo (Suriname), ~310km
Antipodes - Cities * Dili (Timor-Leste) — Paramaribo (Suriname), ~310km

* Tongchuan, Shaanxi|Tongchuan (China) — Licantén (Chile)
Antipodes - Cities * Tongchuan, Shaanxi|Tongchuan (China) — Licantén (Chile)

Antipodes - Cities * Melbourne and Canberra (Australia) - Azores, Atlantic Ocean (Portugal)

* Cherbourg (France) — Antipodes Islands
Antipodes - Cities * Cherbourg (France) — Antipodes Islands

* Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) — Cuenca, Ecuador|Cuenca (Ecuador)
Antipodes - Cities * Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia) — Cuenca, Ecuador|Cuenca (Ecuador)

* San Juan (PR)|San Juan (Puerto Rico) — Karratha (Australia)
Antipodes - Cities * San Juan (PR)|San Juan (Puerto Rico) — Karratha (Australia)

* Bangkok (Thailand) — Lima (Peru)
Antipodes - Cities * Bangkok (Thailand) — Lima (Peru)

* Quito (Ecuador) — Singapore
Antipodes - Cities * Quito (Ecuador) — Singapore

Antipodes - Cities * Perth, Western Australia|Perth (Australia) — Hamilton, Bermuda|Hamilton (Bermuda)

* Montevideo (Uruguay) — Seoul (South Korea)
Antipodes - Cities * Montevideo (Uruguay) — Seoul (South Korea)

Antipodes - Cities and geographic features
Gibraltar is approximately antipodal to Te Arai|Te Arai Beach about 85km north of Auckland, New Zealand. This illustrates the old yet correct saying that the The empire on which the sun never sets|sun never sets on the British Empire; the sun still does not set on the Commonwealth of Nations|British Commonwealth.

Luzon Island in the Philippines is antipodal to Eastern Bolivia

Santa Vitória do Palmar, the most southerly town of more than 10,000 people in Brazil, is antipodal to Jeju-do|Jeju Island, the southernmost territory of South Korea.

Desolate Kerguelen Island is antipodal to an area of thinly inhabited plains on the border between the Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan and the US state of Montana.

The Heard Island and McDonald Islands, an uninhabited Australian territory, is antipodal to an area in central Saskatchewan, including the towns of Leask, Saskatchewan|Leask and Shellbrook, Saskatchewan|Shellbrook.

Île Saint-Paul|St. Paul Island and Amsterdam Island are antipodal to thinly populated parts of the eastern part of the US state of Colorado.

The Russian Antarctic research base Bellingshausen Station is antipodal to a land location in Russian Siberia.

Rottnest Island, off the coast of Western Australia, is approximately antipodal to Bermuda.

Flores Island (Azores)|Flores Island, the westernmost island of the Azores, is nearly antipodal to Flinders Island between Tasmania and the Australian mainland.

Point Nemo, the point in the South Pacific Ocean most distant from any other land, is precisely opposite a desolate piece of desert in western Kazakhstan.

By definition, the North Pole and the South Pole are antipodes.

As can be seen on the purple/blue map, the Pacific Ocean is so large that it stretches halfway around the world; parts of the Pacific off the coast of Peru are antipodal to parts of the same ocean off the coast of Southeast Asia.

Antipodes - Countries The following countries are opposite more than one other country. (Antarctica is considered separately from any territorial claims.)

Antipodes - Countries Countries matching up with just one other country are Morocco, Spain, Portugal (all with New Zealand); Chad, Libya, Cameroon (with the Cook Islands of New Zealand); Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia (with French Polynesia); Senegal (Vanuatu); UAE (Pitcairn); Ghana, Ivory Coast (Tuvalu); Burkina Faso (Rotuma in Fiji); Guinea (Solomon Islands); India (Easter Island); Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand (all with Peru); Singapore (Ecuador); Brunei, Palau, Micronesia (all with Brazil); Venezuela, Suriname (Indonesia).

Antipodes - Countries Of these, the larger countries which are entirely antipodal to land are the Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Fiji, Vanuatu, Brunei, and Samoa. Chile was as well prior to its expansion into the Atacama with the War of the Pacific.

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