1. 13 Colonies
Forming of America

2. Jigsaw Activity
You and your partner will research 1 colony and write a pyramid summary to be shared with the class.
No other group will do YOUR colony, so don’t let us down!
Use the red book, the yellow book, and the SS4K website to learn as much as you can for your summary.
When you think you’ve written a fabulously informative summary, raise your hand for Mrs. Marcum’s approval.
Each partner can have a Chromebook.

3. Jigsaw Activity: Pyramid Summary
Colony (1-2 words) Colonial Region (2 words) Description of Location/Environment (3 words) Main reason for founding (4 words) Economy/Jobs (5 words) Important conflict cooperation or compromise (6 words) Important conflict cooperation or compromise (7 words) Sum up the colony in one sentence (8 words) Raise your hand for Mrs. Marcum’s approval Then, below the summary, illustrate your colony in a way that will help us remember these facts

4. Native American Conflict with Colonies
Beaver Wars- ongoing to control the Great Lakes fur trading (Remember Champlain allying with Huron against Iroquois?) The Iroquois backed by English/Dutch fought with many Huron backed by the French Iroquois won and greatly expanded their territory
Powhatan Wars- series of 3 wars against the English in Virginia, all starting with the conflicts with Jamestown settlers early on
Pequot War
Roger Williams paid Narragansett for the land
Pequot were trying to maintain trading control of that region with the Dutch, England wanted in
The deaths of a couple of traders allegedly killed by the Pequot and their allies caused English response- burning a village and killing natives in search of the murderers
English asked Narraganset to ally with them (rivals for land control with Pequot) “Mystic Massacre” ( Pequot were burned alive/killed in and out of their fort)
Pequot were killed, sold into slavery, or taken by the Narragansett

5. Native American Conflict with Colonies
King Phillip’s War “Last Native American Stand”
Metacomet, Massasoit’s son, of the Pokanoket Wampanoag banded several tribes together (including the Narragansett) to take back their land
Native Americans had become dependent on trade with settlers, but had less & less power and were forced to sell land, sign treaties, give up weapons, etc.
Wamsutta (Metacom’s brother died mysteriously in English captivity)
3 Wampanoag were executed for the death of an Indian informer (colonist)
Metacomet ordered raids on colonies (destroyed Swansea and killed basically everyone there)
Colonists retaliated by destroyed native villages (Narragansett joined after their village was destroyed by colonists in the “Great Swamp Massacre”- 700 killed)
Fighting lasted 14 months and destroyed 17 settlements (over half of NE’s 90 were damaged); 3,000 natives and colonists died in battle (can’t find total numbers)
Williams tried to broker peace, but failed, and the Narragansett burned Providence
Other tribes sided and fought with the English (including Pequot & Massachusetts)
Metacom was captured and beheaded- (head was mounted and displayed in Plymouth); Chief of Narragansett was also killed in battle
Some surviving tribe members fled to smaller groups, some were sold into slavery
Last great stand- colonization could continue pretty much unchallenged

6. 13 Colonies New England Middle Colonies Southern Colonies Maryland
Massachusetts (includes present day Maine)
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New Hampshire
Middle Colonies
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Delaware
Southern Colonies
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

7. Why did they come? Religious Freedom. Some sold everything.
Some had enough and some.
Some were kidnapped.
Some became servants for the chance.
Promise of cheap land.
Greater Opportunity to earn a living.
Immigrants wrote home to their families about America.
Encouraged everyone to come over.

8. Colonial Economy
Who doesn’t love money?

9. 13 Colony Economy Overview
England tried to take control with laws.
Exports can only be shipped to England
Goods leaving a country
Imported
Cloth
Metal tools
Glass
Machines
Although England tried to control the Colonies they found a way to rebel.

10. The Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina
Georgia

11. Southern Colonies: Origin Stories
Maryland- King Charles gave a charter to Lord Baltimore (George Calvert)
George died beforehand and his son Cecilius founded it for Catholics (persecuted in England)
Founded with religious freedom and tolerance for all religions, though- actually written into law
Tried to separate church and state (unlike in England)
Religious conflict between Protestants, Catholics, and Puritans from New England- power switched back and forth
Charles II established Carolina after coming into power
The southern and northern parts of this region developed differently
Southern part relied heavily on the slave trade
Northern part consisted more of small farms of former indentured servants
1729- peaceful split

12. Southern Colonies: Origin Stories
Georgia- land granted to Oglethorpe
England wanted separation between Spanish land and Carolina
Oglethorpe wanted to give debtors another change (jailed)
Met with Tomochichi, made treaty, and was given the land for Savannah, GA
Anti-slavery at first (prohibited)- everyone worked their own land
Started “renting” slaves from South America
Crown took control of the colony in 1750’s and established slavery
Slavery grew from 1,000 to 4,000.
(4,000 of the 10,000 people in GA were slaves)
Virginia- continued to develop from Jamestown
Virginia economy was slave-based with a few wealthy families in control of everything
Williamsburg- founded in better location (higher ground, better land)
Site of College of William and Mary
Became the capital

13. Southern Colonies Jobs Plantation Owners Overseer
Great for Growing Crops (7 month growing season)
Climate
Hot and Humid
Good Soil- red clay
Cash Crops (their exports to England)
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo
Blue Dye (for clothes-making)
Jobs
Plantation Owners
Overseer
In charge of the slaves
Slaves
Shopkeepers

14. Middle Colonies
Delaware
Pennsylvania
New York
New Jersey

15. Middle Colonies: Origin Stories
New York: taken by British from Dutch without violence; named for Duke of York
New Jersey: given to Berkley and Carteret- connection to King and Duke of York
Established with religious freedom
Berkley sold his portion to Quakers due to disagreements about ruling
Split into east and west NJ
West went bankrupt, Crown takes over and re-unifies

16. Middle Colonies: Origin Stories
Pennsylvania- given to William Penn in 1681 by King Charles (who was indebted to Penn’s father)
Journeyed from New Castle up Delaware River and founded Philadelphia (city of brotherly love)
Made treaty with Lenape Natives; paid for the land
Quakers: “quake before the power of the lord”
Society of Friends
No ministers- God was in their hearts
Plain clothes, furniture, and food
Anti-slavery
Pacifists (against war/violence)
Respected Native Americans
Penn had actually been jailed in England before for his religious beliefs
Delaware: originally part of Penn’s land, but were allowed to split off because they wanted their own government
,000  ,000

17. Middle Colonies Jobs: Farmers Fishermen Shop keepers
Breadbasket of the Colonies
Farmed; main food region
Corn
Wheat
Sold Surplus to England and West Indies
West Indies
Original location where Columbus landed
Needed to import for the slaves
Used all available land to grow Sugar Cane
New York Harbor- busiest port of the 13 colonies
Rivers criss-crossed these colonies
Jobs:
Farmers
Fishermen
Shop keepers

18. Middle Colonies: Variety
Dutch had already settled by 1600’s.
Jewish people from Portugal.
German farmers
(Called Penn. Dutch)
Scots- Irish
(Came from Scotland through Northern Ireland.)
Africans
Enslaved
Few had same rights.
Some were free
Variety of people.
Variety of skills and trades.
The start of the cultural blend in America.

19. New England Colonies Massachusetts Connecticut New Hampshire
Rhode Island

20. New England Rocky Soil Used forests and Sea Jobs: Shipbuilding
Barely able to grow food for themselves.
Used forests and Sea
Jobs:
Ship builders
Fishermen
Shipbuilding
England’s ships were too expensive.
Needed boats to fish.
Used forests for their trees.
Great craftsmen's ship England began buying their ships.

21. New England Colonies Fishing Industry Exported their fish to
Whales
Exported their fish to
Spain
Portugal
West Indies
Fishing and Ship building created other industries:
Rope Makers
Sail Makers
And others that had skills to make other materials and equipment
Massachusetts Bay Company
Boston became a large trading City and Port. (Settled on the Charles River)

22. New England Colonies Settled as an example for the rest of the world.
1630: 700 people
1640: 20,000 people
Education
Very important
Should be able to read the bible
Free schools to all children
Way of Life: Covenant
A special promise or agreement.
Every free man promised that his family would live by the rules of the Puritan church.

23. New England Colonies: Religious Conflict
Puritans wanted everyone to have the same views. Is that realistic?
Roger Williams
Everyone should tolerate different religious beliefs.
Tried in court
Established Providence, RI (first religiously free European colony)
Anne Hutchinson
Believed that people could talk directly to God.
Established Portsmouth, RI
Thomas Hooker
Each church should be independent
Should choose own leaders
1636: 100 followers went with him to Connecticut.

24. New England Colonies: NA conflict
More English settlers equals?
Less land for Native Americans.
Roger Williams paid the Narragansett for their land.
Pequot War of 1637
Peace for 40 years
Colonists traveled to present day
New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine.
Wampanoag
Leader: Metacoment
King Phillip
Son of Massasoit
Fought to keep the Wampanoag lands
Last stand of Native American Resistance.

25. Servants and Slaves Indentured Servants Slaves
Price of their voyage was paid off through working in America.
Once they paid their debt they became free.
4 out of 5 in Virginia and Maryland
Slaves
Plantations
Need a lot of work
Slave Trade
Business of buying or selling people.
Slaves were bought by wealthy plantation owners to work on the plantations.

26. Slave Trade 1 out of 7 (1/7) died during the voyage.
Packed very tight in a ships
To increase profit.

27. Triangular Trade Route
1st leg
Boston or New York
Sailed to Europe
Cotton, Sugar, Coffee, Tobacco, Iron Goods, rum, guns.
2nd leg
Europe to Africa
Posts, pans, horses, rum, guns.

28. Triangular Trade Route
3rd Leg *Middle Passage*
Africa to West Indies and the 13 Colonies.
African slaves.
Lasted 6 to 8 weeks.
Traded for Molasses to help make rum.
All Port cities made a lot of money from the Triangular Trade.

29. Why does it matter? Jobs for the 13 In the cities there were:
Farming
Fishing
Trading
In the cities there were:
Blacksmiths
Carpenters
As the colonies grew….
Depended less on imports from Europe.
1700’s there was a free enterprise economy.
People can start any business they want
Colonists begin to get uneasy with Europe.