1. ARTICLES

2. What are Articles?
A, AN and THE are called Articles. Articles are demonstrative adjectives.
They are used before noun and qualify noun.
Example:
A book,
A pen,
An apple,
The Ganga,
The Times of India,

3. KINDS OF ARTICLES
How many kinds of Articles are there?
There are two kinds of articles.
1 Indefinite Articles
2 Definite Article
1 INDEFINITE ARTICLES
What are indefinite Articles?
A and AN are called indefinite articles because they are used before nouns
Which mean uncertain persons or things.

4. Example:
A book,
A pen,
An apple,
An orange,
2 DEFINITE ARTICLE
The is called Definite article because it is
used before noun which means particular person, Place or thing. Examples:
The Ganga, The Sun, The Moon,
1 Indefinite articles (A,AN)

5. 1 Indefinite articles (A,AN)
Use of Indefinite Articles:
At the time of using a or an before noun
Noun should be pronounced.
A is used before consonant sound and an
is used before vowel sound.
A pen, a book, a house, a dog,
In the above words a is used before first
consonant sound p, b, h, and d.

6. An is used before vowel sound.
An orange, an apple, an hour, an honest
Man, an engineer, an M.P., an M. L. A,
In the above words an is used before
vowel sound o, a, o, o, e, a, a.
Use of THE
The is used before name of religious river.
The Ganga, the Jamuna, the Brahmputra

7. The is used before name of religious book
The Ramayana, the Geeta, the Bible,
The is used before name of newspaper.
The Times of India, The Hindustan time
The is used before name of memorial building. The Tajmahal, The Jama masjid, The Qutub Minar , The Red fort,
5 The is used before name of musical
Instrument. The harmonium, the violin,

8. 6 The is used before name of the title of
the institutional head. The principal, the
vice-chancellor, the prime-minister, the
chairman, the president,
7 The is used before name of planet and
heavenly bodies. The sun, the moon, the star, the earth, the Jupiter, the mars,
8 The is used before name of ocean.

9. The Indian ocean, the pacific ocean,
9 The is used before name of sea.
The Arabian sea,
10 The is used before name of the ranges of mountains. The Himalayas, the Alps,
11 The is used before adjective which
denotes class. The poor, the rich, the blind,
12 the is used before common noun.

10. The lion is a wild animal.
13The is used before name of community.
The Hindus, the Muslim, the Christian,
14 If the formation of sentence is noun
+of + noun the is used before first noun.
The students of SRM university are not
Painstaking.
15 The is used before name of political
parties. The congress party, the Janata party,
16 The is used before name of armed forces.
The army, the navy, the air force,

11. 17 the is used before name of the branches of government
17 the is used before name of the branches of government. The executive, the judiciary, the legislative,
18 The is used before name of club, committee, foundation,
The united nation, the rotary club,
19 The is used before Punjab state
Due to geographical factor.

12. Where is the not used?
1The is not used before proper noun.
John, Jack, India, Delhi,
2The is not used before material noun.
Water, milk, butter,
3The is not used before name of games
and sports. Cricket, football, hockey,
4The is not used before abstract noun.
Childhood, politeness, beauty,

13. 5 The is used before material noun in
Particular case. The tea of my cup is
Not hot. The milk of my cow is sweater

14. EXERCISE 1
Use appropriate articles a, an, and the
wherever necessary.
1.....happy man Urdu teacher
2...interesting play honourable man
3...university teacher14....ex-M.P.
aspirin tablet hour delay
English name high wall

15. 6.......angry tiger 17....united team
old woman young officer
8....urgent message Australian team
9...unique opportunity useless book
10...European language21....B.B.C. news
11....H.E. School 22independentcountry

16. EXERCISE 2
India is ....very large country.
Would you like tea?
This is....best I can do.
He is.....senior teacher.
Shankar is....honest boy.
Delhi is.....city.
He has....big dog.
Shut....door, please.
This is....book I wanted
He bought....utensil.

17. She is....hour late.
Raja hit him.....head .
Mr Sana is.....M.A.
He has interesting book.
.....table has four legs.
......headmaster calls you.
Ink is....useful article
....English often fought...French.
....Sun rises in.....East.
He is....worst player.

18. EXERCISE—3
I have....one rupee note.
My brother is....officer.
Rajesh is....fool.
I saw.....beggar.
He plays.....harmonium.
They read.....Times of India.
....Owl is....bird.
They shot.....bird.
There is..... school in Patna.

19. He is.....N.C.C. cadet.
English is.....easy language.
Have you read.....Bible?
He has seen.....Red Fort.
He is.....real Hitler.
John likes music of France.
..... richest are not....happiest.
She is.....M.Sc from....university of Delhi.
....rich are happy.
He is....European.
He plays on.....harmonium.