1. African Resistance and Independence Online Project Essential Question: How did Africans resist and become independent from European countries?

2. Directions Answer Questions 1-15 on loose-leaf. Use the information from the slides to help you answer the questions.Answer Questions 1-15 on loose-leaf. Use the information from the slides to help you answer the questions. Turn in your Project when you have completed all 15 questionsTurn in your Project when you have completed all 15 questions

3. African Resistance and Independence Part I: Background InformationPart I: Background Information Part II: Impact of World War IPart II: Impact of World War I Part III: Impact of World War IIPart III: Impact of World War II Part IV: Methods and BarriersPart IV: Methods and Barriers

4. Part I: Background West Africa is a region which includes several countries. West Africa is a region which includes several countries. 1.What are two countries located in West Africa?

5. The History behind the African Resistance Movement After the Berlin Conference of 1884- 1885, Africa was controlled by European countries.After the Berlin Conference of 1884- 1885, Africa was controlled by European countries. Africans wanted to rule their own countries free from European control.Africans wanted to rule their own countries free from European control. Some African leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Nelson Mandela of South Africa organized their people who rebelled against the Europeans in non-violent ways.Some African leaders like Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana and Nelson Mandela of South Africa organized their people who rebelled against the Europeans in non-violent ways. Review Question:Review Question: 2) Who were two leaders who were leaders of the African resistance movement? 2) Who were two leaders who were leaders of the African resistance movement? Nelson Mandela

6. History Continued… Other Africans fought wars to free their countries from European control European countries responded differently to African resistance Portugal fought wars against Africans to control the colony of Angola. England gave power to Ghana without fighting wars The goal of African resistance was for each country in Africa to rule themselves without European control Kwame Nkruma of Ghana

7. PART II: Impact of World War I PART II: Impact of World War I World War I (1914-1918) was fought in Europe but the fighting spread to Africa.World War I (1914-1918) was fought in Europe but the fighting spread to Africa. The British attacked German colonies in Africa because they thought it would weaken Germany financially.The British attacked German colonies in Africa because they thought it would weaken Germany financially. Most of the soldiers who fought the Germans in African were the Africans themselves.Most of the soldiers who fought the Germans in African were the Africans themselves. 3) Using what you have learned so far, why do you think the Europeans used Africans as soldiers during World War I?

8. Impact of World War I Continued Thousands of African soldiers died in World War IThousands of African soldiers died in World War I When the war ended and the African soldiers went home, they thought they would be thanked for their efforts.When the war ended and the African soldiers went home, they thought they would be thanked for their efforts. They were ignored and mistreated by the Europeans as before the war.They were ignored and mistreated by the Europeans as before the war. As a result of this mistreatment and lack of respect, Africans started to dislike the EuropeansAs a result of this mistreatment and lack of respect, Africans started to dislike the Europeans 4). How did WWI lead to calls for independence?4). How did WWI lead to calls for independence? German Colonies in Africa During WWI

9. Africans fought as soldiers of the Europeans in World War II (1939-1945)Africans fought as soldiers of the Europeans in World War II (1939-1945) 500,000 Africans served as soldiers and helped to defeat the Germans and Italians in World War II500,000 Africans served as soldiers and helped to defeat the Germans and Italians in World War II Africans were paid the same salary, lived in the same conditions, ate the same food and fought and died together with whites in the war.Africans were paid the same salary, lived in the same conditions, ate the same food and fought and died together with whites in the war. Because of this Africans saw themselves as equals to white EuropeansBecause of this Africans saw themselves as equals to white Europeans Africans were again not thanked or respected for their service like as in World War IAfricans were again not thanked or respected for their service like as in World War I Part III: Impact of World War II 5). How did World War II lead to calls for the creation of an African independence movement?

10. After World War II After World War II England granted independence to India in 1947After World War II England granted independence to India in 1947 Africans asked themselves if India could be free, why can’t we?Africans asked themselves if India could be free, why can’t we? 6) How did Indian independence lead to the desire for Africans to demand freedom?6) How did Indian independence lead to the desire for Africans to demand freedom? Indian Independence Leaders

11. Part IV: Methods & Barriers Part IV: Methods & Barriers Methods: Ways in which Africans rebelled against European powersMethods: Ways in which Africans rebelled against European powers Types of Methods:Types of Methods: Violent and Non-ViolentViolent and Non-Violent Violent: Wars and murderViolent: Wars and murder Non-Violent: Protests, speeches, marches, strikes and meetings.Non-Violent: Protests, speeches, marches, strikes and meetings. 7). Which type of method do you think would be more effective in gaining independence from the Europeans?7). Which type of method do you think would be more effective in gaining independence from the Europeans? Non-Violent Protest

12. Ghana Gains Independence In 1957, Ghana became the first British colony in Africa to gain its independence.In 1957, Ghana became the first British colony in Africa to gain its independence. Kwame Nkrumah led the independence movement in Ghana Kwame Nkrumah led the independence movement in Ghana Nkrumah used the non-violent method against European controlNkrumah used the non-violent method against European control Ghanaian Independence Poster

13. Ghana Gains Independence Continued… He organized and strikes demonstrations against the BritishHe organized and strikes demonstrations against the British Kwame Nkrumah was put in prison by the British but was later releasedKwame Nkrumah was put in prison by the British but was later released Nkrumah became the first prime minister, or leader of a free GhanaNkrumah became the first prime minister, or leader of a free Ghana

14. South African Apartheid During the Age of Imperialism, South Africa was under a brutal system of segregation known as Apartheid.During the Age of Imperialism, South Africa was under a brutal system of segregation known as Apartheid. In this system Africans could only get low paying jobs and live in certain areasIn this system Africans could only get low paying jobs and live in certain areas If Africans wanted to travel from town to town they would have to show a pass if they did not have one they would be arrestedIf Africans wanted to travel from town to town they would have to show a pass if they did not have one they would be arrested South Africa in red

15. South African Independence Nelson Mandela, a South African lawyer was the leader of the protest movement against apartheidNelson Mandela, a South African lawyer was the leader of the protest movement against apartheid Although he was jailed in 1960 by South African authorities, people around the world protested apartheid because of his efforts.Although he was jailed in 1960 by South African authorities, people around the world protested apartheid because of his efforts. Other countries placed sanctions, or economic penalties on South Africa which made them release Mandela in 1990Other countries placed sanctions, or economic penalties on South Africa which made them release Mandela in 1990 South Africa abandoned apartheid because of international pressure from the sanctionsSouth Africa abandoned apartheid because of international pressure from the sanctions South Africa elected Mandela the first Black president in 1994 and apartheid does not exist today. People can travel freely.South Africa elected Mandela the first Black president in 1994 and apartheid does not exist today. People can travel freely.

16. Kenya Fights for Independence Not all European countries were willing to set their colonies free. The Belgians, British and Kenyans fought to control their coloniesNot all European countries were willing to set their colonies free. The Belgians, British and Kenyans fought to control their colonies Kenya was a country that did not adopt a non-violent method for achieving independenceKenya was a country that did not adopt a non-violent method for achieving independence Kenyans were farmers and did not want to give their land upKenyans were farmers and did not want to give their land up Kenyan Rebels

17. Kenyan Independence Continued To retake their land and to get rid of white settlers, the Kenyan people created a violent movement called the Mau Mau Revolt.To retake their land and to get rid of white settlers, the Kenyan people created a violent movement called the Mau Mau Revolt. Between 1953 and 1960 Kenyans attacked and killed any Europeans who owned land.Between 1953 and 1960 Kenyans attacked and killed any Europeans who owned land. The British who controlled the colony responded by attacking the Mau Mau Kenyans but granted independence in 1963The British who controlled the colony responded by attacking the Mau Mau Kenyans but granted independence in 1963 British soldiers arresting suspected rebels

18. End Assessment 8. Who led the Independence movement in Ghana? 9. What type of method did Ghana use to achieve independence in 1957? 10. Who was the South African independence leader? 11. How did the South Africa become free? 12.What was apartheid? 13.What were some of the European countries that fought to prevent independence? 14. Explain how the Mau Mau Revolt led to Kenyan independence 15. Which type of method did the Kenyans use to gain independence?