1. Opportunities for Participation Current administration and provision for active leisure Chapter 13

2. Leisure provision Three main sectors delivering activities: – Government, local (council) and National – including education – schools, colleges, universities – businesses – clubs and NGBs Public sector Private sector Voluntary sector

3. Public sector Through local and National Local Authority (council) provide facilities: taxation Leisure centres Swimming pools Playing fields Parks Have leisure services departments

4. Local Authority involvement providers for sport and recreation Work with voluntary and private sectors – Sport used as means of improving Largest Sports Development Officers (SDOs) health, employment and crime figures

5. Local Authority sports development To enhance opportunities for all Designed to expand for local needs Emphasises: Health benefits of sports participation ‘feel good factor’ of success Need for the young to continue participation Impact of sport on communities and regeneration

6. Best value Government policy – idea is to: Find out what people want Set standards to match those expectations Deliver to those standards Demonstrate successful delivery Review

7. Best value – 4 Cs – are council doing as well as possible? – what is needed? – against performance indicators and plan to improve – be open to management from private companies Challenge Consult Compare Compete

8. Ways that local authorities (LA) may help increase participation Creating links between and LA facilities Promotion of Ensuring LA staff have Making for minority groups Involving together schools/clubs youth service facilities/activities good leadership skills active provision parents and children

9. Restrictions on local authority provision Competition from private sector Competition from other government departments for funding, e.g. libraries, museums, arts, tourism, etc Lack of funding for facility development – dependent on Council tax

10. Joint Funding School’s facilities used by public in evenings, weekends and holidays Used by Each group has at designated time Better use of facilities Some LAs are making a positive move from dual-use provision schools, community groups and youth clubs priority away

11. Dual use facilities Advantages Facilities utilised to the full Less financial strain – funding shared by many Organisation easier with single administrative body Facility serves whole community – more participation Staff gain greater expertise from increased experience involved

12. Dual use facilities Disadvantages Overuse - wear and tear of equipment Increased risk of vandalism/theft Time constraints on user groups No change in location for after school activities Ill-defined areas of responsibility with different staff Lack of flexibility Lack of time for maintenance

13. Participation pyramid Foundation Participation Performance Excellence

14. Participation pyramid Foundation level – introduction to basic sports skills – Participation level – chooses an activity and plays for fun and to improve skills – Performance level – high club standard – Excellence level – PE lessons (school) clubs commitment, training representative level, elite performer

15. Role of school sport Introduce pupils to level sport Help pupils which sport(s) they wish to develop to level Offer /opportunities to pupils Provide opportunities into or sport via other agencies foundation select/choose participation extra-curricular activities communityelite

16. Equality of public provision Advantages Acts for the ‘public good’ Money readily available from taxation Not driven by profit

17. Equality of public provision Disadvantages Funding for capital projects can be limited Less money available in more deprived areas Lack of ‘financial freedom’ when deciding who gets what

18. Question The organisation and management of local authority sports facilities has changed over the last decade. Why has this been necessary and how has it been achieved? (6 marks)

19. Answer How - facilities owned by local authorities but run/managed by private companies; Public Private Initiative (PPI); Provision of wider/narrower range of services/activities; Increase in price/fewer discounts/greater commercialism; Development of membership schemes; Facilities hired out to non-sport users; Bidding process; Best Value;sub max 4 marks Why - Meet local needs/expectations/mother and baby/community demands/more wanting to take part; In order to be more accountable/poor management; Increase efficiency/effectiveness/increase quality/raise standards; Competitive ethos/run professionally/profit making/break even; Follows government policy; Local authorities run out of money/lack of funding;sub max 4 marks

20. Private sector companies/businesses For Expanding into: Commercial profit Children’s play Tennis and squash Fitness and conditioning Golf

21. Private sector - characteristics High quality Higher admission and membership Target members of public Profit-based facilities charges richer

22. Equality of private provision Advantages Reacts quickly to changes Meets needs of individuals Restricts membership

23. Equality of private provision Disadvantages High costs – restrictive Restriction on numbers Possible social exclusion Image of exclusivity

24. Voluntary sector 110,000 voluntary sports clubs – ; volunteers Countryside activities – Local jogging, walking or conservation groups declining 1.5 million Sports clubs and teams Ramblers Association

25. Funding the voluntary sector from local Authorities, parish councils, etc grants Annual and match (pay to play) by members Income from social activities - Grants National lottery subscriptions Fund raising bar

26. Characteristics of voluntary sector making for participants fill support roles Raise own funds or seek Surplus funds used to Non-profit Pay to play Volunteers grants improve facilities or services

27. Equality of voluntary sector Advantages Hugh range of possible activities for all Anybody can organise anything! Low costs - no economic discrimination Local funding / sponsorship available

28. Equality of voluntary sector Disadvantages No overall control of what’s on offer No equal opportunities remit, no responsibility Clubs can easily close No guarantee of financial support Can be socially exclusive

29. Local Provision of leisure Public – eg leisure centre Run by LA as business Pre-set budget Managed by LA employees Subsidised Private – eg fitness club Privately-owned companies Profit-making Managed by owners and employees Funds from membership Voluntary – eg netball club Owned by members Profit/loss Managed by members/ committees Membership fees

30. Objectives Public Provides a service Cheaper than private Impacts on health, employment Private Aims to make profit for owner Caters for exclusive/ wealthy clientele Voluntary Grass roots of UK sport Tries to increase participation in a sport

31. Question Provision for recreation may be provided by the voluntary, public or private sector. What are the characteristics of public provision in contrast to private (4 marks)

32. Answer Private - privately owned companies Profit/loss trading Managed by owners/employees Better service/facilities Membership fees/exclusive/expensive Public - Business run by LA Trading at set prices/pre-set budget Subsidised by Council Tax Managed by LA employees Best value/move to private management Facilities not as good Can be ‘pay as you go’ Not necessarily subscription-based Less expensive/exclusive/open to all

33. Role of National Government Via Money distributed from since 1995 – but 70% to six activities – Declining money from lottery – DCMS National Lottery £1.2 billion swimming, football, athletics, tennis, cricket and multi-sports need for increasing government funding

34. Why growing government influence? Create healthy workforce ‘Feel good’ factor Generate patriotism/ loyalty Social control Sport is big- business Reflected glory Attract international competition

35. Value of sport Reduced crime Improved health Economic regeneration Employment opportunities

36. Sport England Main objective –develop English sport by influencing Answerable to Government through Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport Mission - to make England an and sporting nation sports providers active successful

37. Role of Sport England Strategic lead for English sport Make investments through partners Influence the decision-makers and public opinion on sport Provide advice and support to partners and customers

38. Objectives of Sport England Start – increase participation – especially priority groups Stay – retain participants though effective network of clubs and facilities Maximise efficiency – operate and maintain resources Succeed – achieve success at every level

39. National Framework for Sport 2004 – National policy for local implementation Increasing Making English teams/performers Backing 2012 Olympic bid and developing community participation successful sports infrastructure

40. National Framework for Sport

41. Sport England Policies Step into Sport ( ) – encourages young people to become (SAZ) – improve levels of participation in Sporting Champions – using World Champions as in schools to SIS volunteers Sport Action Zones deprived areas role models motivate

42. Sport England - summary Government agency for increasing Main policy – National Framework for Sport Works to improve Works with and to ensure a structure for development of talent Allocates involvement in sport participation YSTUK Sport funding

43. Question (i)Name three policies that Sport England have developed to encourage increased participation in sport.(3 marks) (ii) Why has the government in the United Kingdom become increasingly involved in developing specific policies to encourage participation in sport? (4 marks)

44. Answer (i) Active Programme/Active schools/Active communities/Active sports/World class; National Junior Sport Programme (Tops programme – Top Tots/Top Play/Top Sport/Top Skill); Sports Colleges/School Sport Co-ordinators; Activemark/Sportsmark/clubmark; Coaching for Teachers; Sport Action Zones; Sports Development Officers; Development fund (to target specific groups); Plan/develop sport facilities according to need of a local area. 3 marks