1. Geography of Religion Religious Landscapes Conflict and Interaction Cultural Geography C.J.Cox, Instructor

2. Religions Overview What is Religion? Major Religions & Their Divisions The Geography Religion Religious Landscapes Religious Conflict and Interaction

3. Religious Landscapes Sacred Structures –Temples / Pagodas –Churches / Basilicas –Mosques Sacred Sites –mountains –rivers –caves

4. Holy Places reflect the Religious Beliefs Ethnic religions rooted in a distinctive physical environment For example: –Hindu - The Ganges River in India. –Hindu - Himalayas Mt. Kalias in Nepal. Universal religions holy places are associated with the founder’s life. For example: –Christian - The city of Jerusalem –Muslim - The city of Mecca –Buddhist- Locations of important events in Buddha's life.

5. Rome- Christian Jerusalem - Jewish -Christian -Moslem Ganges River-Hindu Salt Lake City -Mormon Lhasa -Buddhist Medina- Muslim Mecca -Muslim Gaya and Lumbini-Buddhist Selected Religious Landscapes of the World Tenochitlan -Aztec Himalayas- Hindu

6. How Did These Religions Diffuse to Where They Are? IslamChristianity Buddhist Traveling merchants go to North Africa Early believers spread ideas to the Roman Empire. European Colonization spreads Christianity worldwide. Monks travel into China, Tibet and Southeast Asia. Sea routes to Indonesia and Philippines introduced Islam. Ocean trading routes to China brought Buddhism. Missionaries Alliance with powerful communist countries. Alliance with technologically powerful western world & capitalism. Powerful kingdom of Magadhan Empire helped establish religion.

8. Structure often dominates landscape with spirals, towers, or roofs Center of city or village often used for gathering of community Structure used as a reference point Commonalties of Holy Locations

9. WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A HOLY PLACE A place of worship and teaching. - Church A space for prayer. -Mosques Buildings to house relics and artifacts or entomb a leader. –Pagodas, Temples & Pyramids A environmental astronomical calendar A destination goal.-pilgrimage Create an environment in the image of God or gods

10. Buddhist Stupas Thailand Cambodia Tibet Buddhist Landscapes

11. Buddhist Stupa, Chiang Mai, Thailand

12. Grand Palace, Bangkok, Thailand Buddhist Temple, Louang pPhrabang, Laos

13. Tibetan Buddhist Prayer WheelsTibetan Landscapes

14. Wat Chedi Luang, Chang Mai Thailand Grand Palace, Bangkok Thailand

15. Borobodour, Indonesia Golden Temple, Kyoto Japan

16. Buddhist Temple, Kharkorin, Mongolia Angor Wat, Cambodia

17. Christian Landscapes Catholic Church, San Jose, CASaint Peters Church, Vatican

18. Toledo, Spain Segovia, Spain (1577)

19. Church of Resurrection Saint Petersburg, Russia St. Basil, Moscow, Russia

20. Russian Orthodox Church in Jerusalem

21. Cathedral at Chartres, France

22. Templo Expiatrorio de al Sagrada Familia, Spain

23. Saint Peters at the Vatican, Rome Italy

24. Taj Mahal, Agra inNW India (mausoleum) Muslim Landscapes

25. Alhambra, Granada, Spain Moorish (Muslim) Córdoba, Spain

27. Sultan Dascan Mosque, Madrasa

28. Saint Sophia, Istanbul Turkey

29. The Kaba in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

31. Hindu Landscape

32. Western Wall, Jerusalem Masada, Israel Jewish Landscapes

33. Confucious Temple in Taiwan Temple of Kukuklan, Chitchen Itzu Ethnic & Animist Religious Landscapes

34. Ziggurat, Ur Iraq

35. Machu Picchu, Peru

36. Easter Island Stonehenge, England

37. Parthenon, Athens Greece Temple of Sobek, Egypt

38. Indian Grinding Rock Urulu, Australia

39. Religions Overview What is Religion? Major Religions & Their Divisions The Geography Religion Religious Landscapes Religious Conflict and Interaction

40. Religious Conflicts & Interactions Israel - a case study Jerusalem - mixed quarters –Jewish quarter –Muslim - temple mount –Christian orthodox quarter

42. Western Wall & Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

46. Religions Overview What is Religion? Major Religions & Their Divisions The Geography Religion Religious Landscapes Religious Conflict and Interaction