1. Developing the English Monarchy How did England go from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy?

2. The Tudor Family Henry VIII (1509-1547) Henry VIII (1509-1547) Edward IV (1547-1553) Edward IV (1547-1553) Mary I (1553-1558) Mary I (1553-1558) Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Elizabeth I (1558-1603) No Tudor heir so the throne goes to the Tudor’s Scottish relatives

6. Religion in England Anglican Church was the official religion Anglican Church was the official religion maintained many rituals of the Catholic Church maintained many rituals of the Catholic Church Catholics were persecuted Catholics were persecuted Many Puritans in Parliament Many Puritans in Parliament Wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of Catholic rituals Wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of Catholic rituals Give control of church to local clergy Give control of church to local clergy Many in Scotland were Presbyterian Many in Scotland were Presbyterian

7. The Stuart Family

8. James I 1603-1625 Divine Right Divine Right Spent heavily on war Spent heavily on war Disagreed with Parliament over taxes Disagreed with Parliament over taxes Forced Calvinists to become Anglican Forced Calvinists to become Anglican

9. Charles I 1625-1649 Divine right Divine right Dissolved Parliament several times because they wouldn’t fund his wars Dissolved Parliament several times because they wouldn’t fund his wars Tried to force Anglican practices on everyone Tried to force Anglican practices on everyone Scots revolt Charles needs $ Scots revolt Charles needs $

10. PETITION OF RIGHT 1628 Charles needed money Charles needed money Parliament issued Petition of Right to limit his power No tax without Parliament’s consent No imprisonment without cause No military law or housing of troops Charles I agreed but then ignored it

11. The English Civil War 1642-1649 1641 Charles I recalled Parliament because he needed money again 1641 Charles I recalled Parliament because he needed money again Charles I tried to arrest Parliament members Charles I tried to arrest Parliament members CIVIL WAR!

12. English Civil War 1642-1649

13. Causes of the War Religious differences Religious differences Puritan vs. Catholic and Anglican Puritan vs. Catholic and Anglican Constitutional Differences Constitutional Differences Divine Right King vs. Parliament Divine Right King vs. Parliament Social and economic issues Social and economic issues Middle class vs. Aristocracy Middle class vs. Aristocracy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3h_RyFEV0M&list=PL83CB1E25739993 8E&index=1https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3h_RyFEV0M&list=PL83CB1E25739993 8E&index=1 3:51

14. Causes song http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzh_7orEBU0&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzh_7orEBU0&feature=related 7:56

15. Roundheads King Charles I King Charles I Aristocracy, North, lower classes, Anglican Aristocracy, North, lower classes, Anglican Parliament should not be stronger than King Parliament should not be stronger than King Oliver Cromwell Oliver Cromwell Londoners, merchants, middle class, Puritan Londoners, merchants, middle class, Puritan Support Parliament Support Parliament Cavaliers

16. The English Civil War Oliver Cromwell reorganized Parliament’s army and defeated Charles I Oliver Cromwell reorganized Parliament’s army and defeated Charles I

17. Effects of the English Civil War Charles I put on trial and executed Charles I put on trial and executed House of Commons abolished the monarchy House of Commons abolished the monarchy House of Lords declared England a republic House of Lords declared England a republic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8- K5iS4D68&list=PL83CB1E257399938E&index=6https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8- K5iS4D68&list=PL83CB1E257399938E&index=6 3:07 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPmSR-- BktE&list=PL83CB1E257399938E&index=7https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IPmSR-- BktE&list=PL83CB1E257399938E&index=7 3:33

18. Kingless Decade 1649-1658 Parliament in control Cromwell is Lord Protector Cromwell is Lord Protector Commonwealth = Republic Commonwealth = Republic Eventually sent most MPs home and established military dictatorship Eventually sent most MPs home and established military dictatorship Irish revolted and failed— 616,000 killed by war, plague, famine Irish revolted and failed— 616,000 killed by war, plague, famine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQk9nuhWBUUhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iQk9nuhWBUU 8:56

19. Puritan Morality Only Puritan worship allowed Only Puritan worship allowed Abolished all “sinful things” Abolished all “sinful things” Dancing, drinking, theater Dancing, drinking, theater Boys and girls taught to read Boys and girls taught to read Cromwell was tolerant of other religions despite his deep Puritan beliefs (EXCEPT CATHOLICS) Cromwell was tolerant of other religions despite his deep Puritan beliefs (EXCEPT CATHOLICS)

20. Cromwell: Hero or Villain? Cromwell dissolved Parliament 1654 Cromwell dissolved Parliament 1654 Ruled as dictator till his death (1658) Ruled as dictator till his death (1658) Punished Irish for revolt Punished Irish for revolt

21. The Restoration People tired of military rule People tired of military rule Charles II called back from exile 1660 Charles II called back from exile 1660 Restoration of the Monarchy Restoration of the Monarchy Puritan bans on theatre, etc. were lifted Puritan bans on theatre, etc. were lifted https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aWPgd0PSqAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aWPgd0PSqA 8:23

22. Charles II Must agree to Must agree to Petition of Right Petition of Right Magna Carta Magna Carta Habeas Corpus Habeas Corpus Constitutional Monarch Constitutional Monarch Religious toleration Religious toleration Respected Parliament & gained their support Respected Parliament & gained their support

23. James II 1685-1688 Charles II’s brother Charles II’s brother Openly Catholic Openly Catholic Remarried and bore Catholic heir Remarried and bore Catholic heir Parliament feared a Catholic dynasty Parliament feared a Catholic dynasty

24. The Glorious Revolution Parliament offered the throne to James II’s protestant daughter Mary & her husband William of Orange Parliament offered the throne to James II’s protestant daughter Mary & her husband William of Orange James II had no support and fled James II had no support and fled

25. The Glorious Revolution Bloodless revolution Bloodless revolution William and Mary promised to share power with Parliament William and Mary promised to share power with Parliament Act of Toleration gave all Protestants the right to worship Act of Toleration gave all Protestants the right to worship English Bill of Rights English Bill of Rights

26. The English Bill of rights Limits king’s power Limits king’s power Affirmed habeas corpus Affirmed habeas corpus No taxes without Parliament’s consent No taxes without Parliament’s consent Abolished cruel punishment and excessive fines Abolished cruel punishment and excessive fines No suspension of Parliament’s laws No suspension of Parliament’s laws Protected peoples’ liberties Protected peoples’ liberties

27. Constitutional Government in England 1 st Constitutional Monarchy where laws limited ruler’s power 1 st Constitutional Monarchy where laws limited ruler’s power Most people still couldn’t vote Most people still couldn’t vote Two parties developed Two parties developed Tories: Royalists Tories: Royalists Whigs: supported Parliament Whigs: supported Parliament Prime Minister is head of cabinet, leader of majority party Prime Minister is head of cabinet, leader of majority party Sir Robert Walpole First Prime Minister