2.  When the author hints at (usually bad) things to come in the story a) General foreshadowing – dark or sinister language that suggests something bad will happen, creating a negative tone b) Specific foreshadowing – when the author hints at something specific that happens later on

3.  The same sound starts a series of words (usually for emphasis)  “The bloody watchman told a tale of trouble and torture”

4.  Situational irony is when the outcome of a situation is completely (often humorously) different to what we expected  For example, an English teacher making a grammatical or spelling error  (Verbal irony = sarcasm)

5.  The use of descriptive words to create a vivid picture or image  Visual imagery = a description of things we see  Auditory imagery = a description of things we hear  Olfactory imagery = a description of things we smell

6.  Simile = comparison of two things, using “like” or “as”  Her eyes were like diamonds  Metaphor = saying one thing is something else  Her eyes were diamonds

7.  The placing of two opposite ideas or things next to each other  Black/white; day/night; love/hate  Can be words, situations, or characters  Also known as juxtaposition

8.  A conflict between someone and something else  Man vs man: an argument, fight, battle  Man vs God: struggling against fate or other divine powers  Man vs nature: struggling in the face of a storm or other harsh environmental conditions

9.  An conflict that is going on inside a person over choices or decisions they have to make  What to wear  Whether to tell someone the truth or not  What career to follow  Fight or flight

10.  Giving human attributes to a non- human entity  “Love enfolded us in her arms”  “The sea was angry that day”