1. CHAPTER 13 SECTION 2 THE ROMAN WORLD

2. THE ROMAN REPUBLIC AND EMPIRE Rome began as a small city in Italy around 750 BC rules by kings By 509 BC, Rome was electing its leaders and then began to grow and conquer The Roman Empire was known for its great achievements in construction, engineering, language and law Christianity spread into the Roman Empire Grew into an Empire, but then collapsed in 476 AD

3. GOVERNMENT IN ROME Romans created a type of government called a Republic. A republic is a form of government where people elect their leaders. The leaders would get advise from the Senate to help them run the city Citizens were the people who could vote and run for office.

4. GROWTH OF ROME Romans had a strong army and they began to expand throughout the Mediterranean area. Julius Caesar was a strong leader. Ultimately the Senate killed him so he could not become stronger. After Caesars death, the country changed from a Republic to an Empire A empire is a government that has many different peoples and lands under one ruler. The empire continued to grow under the strong leader Augustus (Caesar’s son). It conquered new lands

5. PEACE LEADS TO ACHIEVEMENTS Architecture – great Roman engineers built roads, bridges and aqueducts to connect cities and towns. Aqueducts are channels of water used to carry water for long distances. Literature - Romans spoke Latin and created great literature (plays, poems, stories). Languages such as Spanish, French and Italian and directly influences by Latin. Government – many countries of the world model their government on the Republic system started in Rome.

6. CHRISTIANITY Religion – Christianity did not begin in the Roman Empire, but spread very quickly throughout the Empire. At first, Christians in the Roman Empire were punished and prevented from practicing their religion. Later, even an Emperor of Rome became a Christian and punishment (persecution) ended.

7. THE DECLINE OF ROME - WHY? Poor leaders (emperors) who cared more about their own happiness than the people Taxes and prices rose and people become very poor, even living in poverty People felt less loyalty to Rome Military leaders fought against each other, making the empire weak internally The empire had grown so large, it was too hard for one person to govern it. But the largest cause was foreign invasions of Barbarians. - The barbarians are really many other groups who attacked and conquered parts of the Roman Empire.

8. END OF THE EMPIRE 476 the year the last emperor was defeated and marks the end of the Roman Empire. After this time, Europe breaks into many small parts and societies. In Europe, the time after the collapse of the Roman Empire is called the Middle Ages.