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Chapter 5-3 Putting it all together for the Advances in Genetics – where are scientists going with all this?

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 5-3 Putting it all together for the Advances in Genetics – where are scientists going with all this?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 5-3 Putting it all together for the Advances in Genetics – where are scientists going with all this?

2 Three Methods people have use to develop organisms with desirable traits  Selective breeding  Inbreeding  Hybridization

3 #2: Selective Breeding  Process of selecting a few organisms with the desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation is selective breeding

4 Selective Breeding continued  This is selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation  This has been done for 1000’s of years

5 Inbreeding: 3.Crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics.

6 Inbreeding continued  Example: cross two turkeys that are plump and grow quickly  Usually genetically very similar  Can increase the probability that organisms may inherit alleles that lead to genetic disorders.

7 Inbreeding continued a.Can increase the probability that organisms may inherit alleles that lead to genetic disorders.

8 Hybridization: 4. Crossing two individuals that are genetically different a. They are bred to have the best traits from both parents

9 True or False  In hybridization, breeders cross two individuals that are genetically identical.

10  FALSE  Why???? Hybridization crosses two genetically different individuals

11 Question:  When breeders cross two genetically different individuals to produce an organism with the best traits from both parents, this breeding method is called ________________

12 Answer:  Hybridization

13 Clone 5. an organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced

14 Cloning: info  Plants are easy to clone: cut a stem from one plant and put the stem in soil, water it and it will grow into a new plant…NOT ALL PLANTS will do this, however!

15 Cloning in animals:  More complex!!!  Take the nucleus of an animal’s body cell and use that to produce a new animal by injecting the information into an “empty” egg  Discover video clip (8 minutes) – Modern Genetics…more about cloning

16 What letters are true for #6? a. A clone has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced. b. A cutting is one way to make a clone of an animal. c. It’s easier to clone an animal than it is to clone a plant.

17 Answer: A. A clone has exactly the same genes as the organism from which it was produced.

18 True or False  Cloning can be done only in animals.

19 False Why? Cloning animals can be done, it’s just more complex than plants.

20 Genetic Engineering: #8  Genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism

21 Genetic Engineering continued  This is used for: Producing medicine and improving food crops

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23 Genetic Engineering, continued  Human genes can be inserted into the cells of cows so the cows produce the human protein for milk

24  Same technique used for producing blood clotting protein needed by people with hemophilia  Allow plants to resist cold temperatures  Enable plants to resist insect pests

25 Using genetic engineering to fix some genetic disorders in humans  Gene Therapy - Inserting copies of a gene directly into a person’s cells  Example: treat hemophilia by replacing the defective allele on the X chromosome

26 Concerns about Genetic Engineering  Are crops that have been genetic engineered safe?  Will they harm the environment or cause health problems in humans?  Will other genetic disorders be caused by correcting one genetic disorder?

27 The Human Genome Project: #11 & 12  Genome: All the DNA in one cell of an organism.

28 Goal of the Human Genome Project  Pinpoint the DNA sequence of every gene on every chromosome  DNA of humans has at least 30,000 genes and each gene is made up of at least 30,000 bases

29 DNA Fingerprinting  Identify people from their DNA

30 DNA Fingerprinting  Show whether people are related or not – useful for criminal investigations  No two people have the same DNA EXCEPT for identical twins

31 HOW: DNA from a person’s cells is broken down into smaller pieces. The pieces are used to produce a pattern

32 LOTS & LOTS OF CONTROVERSY  Human cloning may produce sub- humans to fight in our wars.  Genetically modified food = not good for you. Will it lead to health problems in the future?  Will it lead to designer babies?  What if it leads to babies with disorders?  Lack of genetic variety  Many more issues!!!!!!!

33 Does the evidence match the known sample?

34 http://www.perfectdna.com/products.htm


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