1. Colonial Ways of Life
Chapter 3

2. Shape of Early America Population Growth
Married earlier  Higher birth rates
Healthier  Lower death rates
Women
Viewed as inferior: Obey, serve husbands, nurture children
Could not vote, preach, hold office, attend college/public school, make contracts, own property
“Women’s work”  Activities in house, garden and yard
Tavern hostesses and shopkeepers
Prostitutes

3. Economies of the Three Regions
SOUTH
Long growing seasons
Tidewater  plantations
Cash Crops (tobacco, rice, indigo)
Cavaliers – headright system  indentured servants/slaves
Backcountry  subsistence farmers/artisans
MIDDLE
Diversity
Better crops than in New England (longer growing season)
Rivers = Access to backcountry
Seaports & Commercial Centers: Philadelphia & New York
Middle Class (artisans)
NEW ENGLAND
Short growing season  No profitable crops
Subsistence Farmers
Sea for livelihood (cod, halibut)
Abundant Forests
Fisheries
Shipbuilding (1/3 British ships made in colonies)
Mercantilism  The colonies served as an important market for goods from the mother country and a source of raw materials and cash crops.

4. The Atlantic Slave Trade/ Middle Passage

5. Colonial Slavery New York Slave Revolt (1712)
First African slaves arrived at Jamestown aboard
a Dutch ship in 1619.
“Slave Codes” (1622)
Made blacks [and their children] property, or chattel for life of white masters.
New York Slave Revolt (1712)
Nine whites died, 21 blacks were executed
Led to series of ordinances  A black code  Strictly regulated slave behavior
Stono Rebellion (1739)
Spanish Florida promised freedom to any slaves who escaped from Carolina and were willing to accept Catholicism  led to rebellion
20 slaves attacked at store at Stono, SC and then killed 25 more settlers.
Largest mainland slave uprising prior to the Revolution
Resulted in harsher treatment of slaves in many parts of the South.

6. Completely Useless Information
Penguins have an organ above their eyes that converts salt water to fresh water.
The metal band that connects the pencil eraser to the end of the pencil is called a Ferrule.
Scooby Doo's first name is Scoobert.

7. Dominant Denominations
Anglican/Church of England
Official in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and New York
Served as a vessel of King
Much less strict
College of William & Mary
Congregationalism in all New England colonies except Rhode Island
Taxed people
A place for early grumblings of Revolution
Quakers in Pennsylvania, but there was no single colony-supported church
Catholics were discriminated against, but not many of them, people worshipped how they wanted

8. New England Religion
Growing population dispersed people to outlying farms  Far from control of church  Decreased religious fever
Jeremiad:
Preachers scolded people for losing faith
Conversions decreased (testimonies that had received God’s grace)
Half-way Covenant (1662):
The rules for becoming a member easier  just baptism
Applied to children of church members who hadn’t received grade themselves  allowed them to participate in some church affairs (couldn’t vote or take Communion)
Weakened distinction between ‘elect’ and others – eventually doors open fully to everyone
Strict religious purity was sacrificed to the cause of wider religious participation
Salem Witch Trials (1692):
20 individuals died (19 hanged, 1 pressed)
Reflected the fear that the Puritan heritage was being lost

9. The Great Awakening Arminianism
All humans could be saved if they freely accepted God’s grace
All people could be saved
Religious revival of 1730s & 40s
Jonathan Edwards:
Started Great Awakening in Northampton, Massachusetts
Affirmed the need for complete dependence on God’s grace
“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
Argued that God was angry because of human sinfulness
Believed that hell was “paved with the skulls of unbaptized children”
Said that anyone could be saved, but those who were not faced eternal damnation.

10. The Great Awakening George Whitefield:
Created a new style of preaching with great oratory skills
Argued that individuals did not need preachers to understand the Bible – Ordinary people possessing faith could understand the gospel
Emotional reactions across colonies
Preached to crowds as big as 10,000 housed in tents, barns, and fields
Old Lights Rejected the emotionalism and theatrics of the Great Awakening
New Lights  Defended the Awakening for its role in revitalizing American religion

11. … God “holds you over the pit of hell, much as one holds a spider, or some loathsome insect, over the fire, abhors you, and is dreadfully provoked…he looks upon you as worthy of nothing else, but to be cast into the fire…” - Jonathan Edwards “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
“It is a poor sermon that gives no offense; that neither makes the hearer displeased with himself nor with the preacher.” – George Whitefield
“And now let me address all of you, high and low, rich and poor, one with another, to accept of mercy and grace while it is offered to you; Now is the accepted time, now is the day of salvation; and will you not accept it, now it is offered unto you?” – George Whitefield

12. The Great Awakening Impact:
Made the church experience more personal and emotional.
Churches competed for followers with rise of more sects (ex. - Baptists and Methodists).
Promoted increased literacy as more people bought Bibles for the home and led more people to attend college.
Church leaders lost power as more people studied the Bible at home or in new churches.
Great Awakening Colleges:
1746: College of New Jersey (Princeton) – Presbyterian
1754: King’s College (Columbia) – Anglican
1756: Rhode Island College (Brown) – Baptist
1766: Queen’s College (Rutgers) – Dutch Reformed
1769: Dartmouth - Congregationalist
If people can make their own religious decisions, why can’t they make their own political decisions? – Tie to American Revolution.

13. Pioneer Press Zenger Trial (1734-35)
John Peter Zenger, newspaper printer in New York
Zenger’s newspaper (New York
Weekly Journal) published articles criticizing the royal governor of New York
Jailed and charged with seditious libel (written lies) against the royal governor
Defended by Andrew Hamilton (former indentured servant)
Hamilton argued he had printed the truth
Colonial jurors found him not guilty
First steps towards freedom of the press