1. Effective Sentences Subject Predicates Direct objects Indirect objects Subject complements Object complements Phrases and clauses

2. Effective Sentences Emphasize or de-emphasize an idea. Combine ideas into one sentence or keep them separate in more than one sentence. Make sentences sound formal or informal. Emphasize the actor or the action. Achieve rhythm, variety and contrast. Effective sentences bring both exactness and flair to your writing.

3. Sentences Strategies Selecting the right word order for independent clause, coordinating and subordination effectively, correctly positioning movable modifiers, using parallel structures, choosing the right verb voice and avoiding fragments except for particular effects.

4. Independent Clauses It’s a group of words that has a subject, a verb and any other element needed to convey the main message. EX : They built the dog a kennel. S V IO O Putting the emphasis on the subject.

5. Inverted order Move to the front the element you want to emphasize. EX: This I just don’t understand. O S V Sentences that ask questions typically follow an inverted pattern. EX: Is this your coat?

6. Expletives It fills a vacancy in a sentence without contributing to the meaning. → There ； It EX: There were twenty persons attending the sales meeting. → Twenty persons attended the sales meeting. EX: He seeks her happiness. → It is her happiness he seeks.