1. Verb Tenses (Don’t be tense about it.) Past Present Future

2. Verb Tenses: Principal Parts There are four principal parts of the verb: – Basic/Root: Usually identical to first person singular form of the verb—walk – Infinitive: A compound verb that adds the preposition “to” to the verb—to walk – Present participle: Ends in –ing—walking – Past participle: Often ends in “ed” or “d”, but not always--walked

3. Verb Tenses: Irregular Verbs There are many irregular verbs, verbs that do not end with “ed”, “d” or “t” in the past participle and sometimes change their spelling entirely. Here are a few examples: – Arise, arose, arisen – Be, was, been – Drive, drove, driven – Ring, rang, rung

4. Verb Tense: Past and Present Past Tense Verbs in the past tense take the past participle. – Robin liked the pizza we made for her. – The fish swam beneath the waves. – I dared to walk the tightrope. Past tense indicates action that took place at a set time in the past. Present Tense Verbs in the present tense take the root and/or adjust to agree with the subject. – Robin likes the pizza we made for her. – The fish swim beneath the waves. – I dare to walk the tightrope. Present tense indicates action that is occurring now and ongoing.

5. Verb Tenses: Future and Past Perfect Future Tense Future tense verbs include the helping verb “will” before the basic/root form of the verb. – It will rain tomorrow. – Mandy will skate with her friends. – J.J. will drive to New York. Future tense indicates action that will take place at a time in the future. Past Perfect Tense Past perfect tense verbs include the helping verb “had” before the past participle of the verb. – It had rained yesterday. – Mandy had skated with her friends. – J.J. had driven to New York. Past perfect tense indicates action that happened in the past before other past actions.

6. Verb Tenses: Present Perfect and Future Perfect Present Perfect Present perfect verbs include the helping verb “has” before the past participle the verb. – Leah has asked about you often. – Ruby has seen that film. – I have taken my vitamins. Present perfect indicates action that, while it has taken place in the past, is related or is being related in the present. Future Perfect Future perfect verbs include the helping verbs “will” and “have” before the past participle of the verb. – Leah will have asked about you often. – Ruby will have seen that film. – I will have taken my vitamins. Future perfect indicates action that will take place before other future action.

7. Verb Tenses: Past Progressive and Present Progressive Past Progressive Past progressive verbs include the past tense form of “to be” before the present participle of the verb. – Michael was watching T.V. when his pals arrived. – Cindy was braiding her hair when the phone rang. Past progressive indicates an action that was ongoing in the past before other events/actions. Present Progressive Present progressive verbs include the present tense of “to be” before the present participle of the verb. – Michael is watching T.V. when his pals arrive. – Cindy is braiding her hair when the phone rings. Present progressive indicates action ongoing in the present.

8. Verb Tenses: Future Progressive and Past Perfect Progressive Future Progressive Future progressive tense includes “will be” before the present participle of the verb. – We will be having salad at dinner. – Amy will be playing the lead role in the production. Future progressive indicates an ongoing action that will take place in the future. Past Perfect Progressive Past perfect progressive tense includes the past tense of “had” and past participle of “to be” before the present participle of the verb. – We had been having salad at dinner. – Amy had been playing the lead role in the production. Past perfect progressive indicates an ongoing action in the place that occurred before other past actions.

9. Verb Tenses: Present Perfect Progressive and Future Perfect Progressive Present Perfect Progressive Present perfect progressive includes the present form of “to have” and the past participle of “to be” before the present participle. – I have been practicing piano daily. – She has been meeting with a tutor. Present perfect progressive indicates ongoing action that began in the past and continues in the present. Future Perfect Progressive Future perfect progressive includes “will have been” before the present participle. – I will have been practicing piano daily. – She will have been meeting with a tutor. Future perfect progressive indicates action that will be ongoing in the future.

10. Verb Tenses: The End! Holy Moses, those verb tenses… Who ever came up with “future perfect progressive”, anyway? The verb form is four words long! Congratulations on surviving this PowerPoint! Study it well, take some notes and see Mrs. Shankle when you think you’re ready for the quiz.