1. Earth’s Biomes Unit 3 Biology 1

2. Levels of Organization of Matter Universe Galaxies Stars Planets Earth Ecosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Organisms Organ Systems Organs Tissues Cells Protoplasm Molecules Atoms

3. Terrestrial Ecosystems or Biomes Biomes are determined by average temperature and annual rainfall Biomes are determined by average temperature and annual rainfall Each Biome has a unique set or organisms Each Biome has a unique set or organisms

4. Tundra North of tree line and near Arctic circle North of tree line and near Arctic circle Has a unique angle of the sun so it is much colder Has a unique angle of the sun so it is much colder Long winter nights and short summers Long winter nights and short summers Winters have almost 24 hours of night and summers have almost 24 hours of daylight Winters have almost 24 hours of night and summers have almost 24 hours of daylight Few plant species and animal species Few plant species and animal species

5. Tundra Only about a 60 day growing season Only about a 60 day growing season Not enough time for trees to grow so there are no trees in tundra (only small bushes) Not enough time for trees to grow so there are no trees in tundra (only small bushes) Usually less than 10 inches or precipitation a year Usually less than 10 inches or precipitation a year Has a frozen layer of permafrost that does not allow root or water penetration Has a frozen layer of permafrost that does not allow root or water penetration

6. Tundra Less complex of all the ecosystems Less complex of all the ecosystems Two types of tundra Two types of tundra Alpine tundra: above the tree line on mountains Alpine tundra: above the tree line on mountains Arctic tundra: in the Arctic circle Arctic tundra: in the Arctic circle

7. Northern Coniferous Forest Also known at the Taiga Also known at the Taiga Found in Canada, Northern US and parts of Europe and Asia Found in Canada, Northern US and parts of Europe and Asia Less severe as the tundra, but still very cold Less severe as the tundra, but still very cold More precipitation and a longer growing season More precipitation and a longer growing season

8. Northern Coniferous Forest Defined by the coniferous or evergreen trees Defined by the coniferous or evergreen trees Coniferous or evergreen trees has needles and cones Coniferous or evergreen trees has needles and cones Has large mammals (deer, elk, moose, bear, wolverine, lynx, fox and wolf) Has large mammals (deer, elk, moose, bear, wolverine, lynx, fox and wolf) Once widely used for energy and building, but now largely protected Once widely used for energy and building, but now largely protected

9. Deciduous Forest Much of the Eastern half of the US Much of the Eastern half of the US Moderate climate with abundant moisture and distinct seasons Moderate climate with abundant moisture and distinct seasons Defined by the many deciduous trees Defined by the many deciduous trees Deciduous trees have leaves, which are shed yearly Deciduous trees have leaves, which are shed yearly Many variety of trees Many variety of trees Has deer, squirrels, skunks, birds and some bears Has deer, squirrels, skunks, birds and some bears

10. Grasslands Often called prairies, plains or Savannas Often called prairies, plains or Savannas Found in central US, South America, Russia, Asia, some parts of Europe, Africa and Australia Found in central US, South America, Russia, Asia, some parts of Europe, Africa and Australia Little precipitation and moderate temperatures Little precipitation and moderate temperatures Many are used for farmlands Many are used for farmlands Once support bison, but now mainly used for cattle and sheep Once support bison, but now mainly used for cattle and sheep

11. Grasslands Other animals include antelope, coyote, fox, badgers and prairie dogs Other animals include antelope, coyote, fox, badgers and prairie dogs Defined by the abundant grasses Defined by the abundant grasses

12. Deserts Less than 10 inches of yearly precipitation Less than 10 inches of yearly precipitation Plants will complete most of the life cycle when there is moisture and survive the droughts in seed form Plants will complete most of the life cycle when there is moisture and survive the droughts in seed form About 1/7 of the Earth’s surface is deserts About 1/7 of the Earth’s surface is deserts In the past humans had little impact on the desert biome, but irrigation has increased human activity In the past humans had little impact on the desert biome, but irrigation has increased human activity

13. Tropical Rain Forest An area of the world with no freezing and plentiful moisture An area of the world with no freezing and plentiful moisture They are usually near the equator They are usually near the equator Contains the most diversity of all the ecosystems Contains the most diversity of all the ecosystems The most threatened ecosystem because of human impact and poor soil The most threatened ecosystem because of human impact and poor soil Hawaii is the only tropical rain forest in the US Hawaii is the only tropical rain forest in the US

14. Aquatic Ecosystems Freshwater Freshwater Inland with little to no soluble salts Inland with little to no soluble salts Can be flowing or standing water Can be flowing or standing water Populations become more complex as the flowing or standing water increases in size Populations become more complex as the flowing or standing water increases in size Marine Marine All oceans are connected are one large ecosystem All oceans are connected are one large ecosystem They absorb a great deal of solar energy in the summer and release the energy in the winter (this stabilizes the Earth’s climate They absorb a great deal of solar energy in the summer and release the energy in the winter (this stabilizes the Earth’s climate

15. Aquatic Ecosystems Estuaries Estuaries The transitional zone between freshwater and salt water

16. Aquatic Ecosystems The most plentiful areas are occur in the continental shelf, shorelines and estuaries where it is less saline The most plentiful areas are occur in the continental shelf, shorelines and estuaries where it is less saline The consumers of the oceans are called phytoplankton The consumers of the oceans are called phytoplankton