1. Section 1: The Rise of Islam
Chapter 6
The World of Islam

2. “Say O Muslims: We believe in God and that which is revealed unto us and that which was revealed unto Abraham, and Ishmael, and Isaac, and Jacob, and the tribes, and that which Moses and Jesus received, and that which the Prophets received from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them and unto Him we have surrendered.”
Questions 1-3
Answers:
Accept them
As equal to the prophets
Most important is the belief in one god.

3. Ideas, Beliefs and Values
The BIG Idea
Ideas, Beliefs and Values
In the 600s, the Arabian prophet Muhammad created the religion of Islam, which led to great changes in the social and political system of Southwest Asia.
Question 4
Early Arabs were nomads who believed in many gods. In the 7th Century, the Arabian prophet Muhammad founded the Islamic religion. Today, more than 1 billion people around the world are Muslims, and Islam is one of the world's leading faiths. Over a thousand years after Islam began, the cultural, artistic, and scientific contributions of Muslims continue to enrich our daily lives.

4. The Arabs
MAIN IDEA: After the domestication of the camel, the trade routes of the Arabs expanded. Communities prospered, but tension among the rich and the poor increased.

5. Western Asia has given birth to some of the most powerful civilizations in history.
In the 7th Century, another force—The Arabs—arose in the Arabian Peninsula and spread their influence throughout Western Asia and beyond.
Question 5

6. Arabian Peninsula Question 6
Like the Hebrews and the Assyrians, the Arabs were a Semitic-speaking people who lived in the Arabian Peninsula, a desert land sorely lacking in rivers and lakes. The Arabs were nomads who, because of their hostile surroundings, moved constantly to find water and food for their animals.
Arabian Peninsula

7. Each tribe was independent, yet loosely tied to one another.
Arabs organized themselves into tribes to help one another survive the harsh environmental conditions.
Each tribe was ruled by a Sheikh who was chosen from one of the leading families by a council of elders.
Each tribe was independent, yet loosely tied to one another.
Questions 7-8

8. The camel was domesticated in the 1st Millennium B.C.
Arabs lived as farmers and sheep herders on the oases and rain-fed areas of the desert.
The camel was domesticated in the 1st Millennium B.C.
Arabs populated more of the desert.
Trade increased.
Towns on the trade route began to develop.
Question 9

9. Early Arab Religion Polytheistic
Recognized a supreme god named Allah, but also believed in other tribal gods
Arabs traced their ancestors to Abraham and his son Ishmael
They were believed to have build a house of worship called the Kabba at Makkah.
Question 10

10. Kaaba

11. Black Stone
Mecca was blessed with two major spirit-possessed objects:  a meteorite (the famous Black Stone) and a spring (the Well of Zamzam). At some early date a cube-shaped temple called the Kaaba was built next to the spring, as a repository for the Black Stone.

12. Disorder in Mesopotamia & Egypt
Led to….
Dangerous trade routes in Southwest Asia
Alternative trade travel through Makka and then by ship across the Indian Ocean
Towns prospering along this route
Increased tension between wealthy merchants and poorer clans of people and slaves
Question 11

13. The Life
of Muhammad
MAIN IDEA: The revelations of Muhammad led to the creation of the Islamic religion.

14. Muhammad Born in Makka to a merchant family Orphaned by age 5
Grew up to become a caravan manager
Married a rich widow, Khadija
Overtime Muhammad became concerned about the growing gap between the generous Makkans and the greedy ones
Deeply worried he began to visit the hills to meditate
Question 12

15. During one of these visits, Muslims believe, Muhammad received revelations from God.
According to Islamic teachings, the messages were given by the angel Gabriel.
Question 13

16. Muhammad came to believe that Allah had already revealed himself through Moses and Jesus (and thus through the Hebrew and Christian traditions).
However the final revelations of Allah were being given to him.

17. These revelations were written down and formed the Quran, the holy book of Islam.
Question 14

18. The word Islam means “peace through submission to the will of Allah.”
The Quran contains the ethical guidelines and laws by which the followers of Allah are to live.
Those who practice the religion of Islam are called Muslims.
Islam has only one God, Allah, and Muhammad is God’s prophet.
Questions 15-18

19. Muhammad’s wife, Khadija, urged him to follow Gabriel’s message
Muhammad’s wife, Khadija, urged him to follow Gabriel’s message. She became the first convert to Islam.
After 3 years, Muhammad had become discouraged in his attempt to spread his message.
In 622, the year 1 of the Islamic calendar, Muhammad and his supporters left Makkah and moved north to Yathrib, later named Madihah.
Question 19

20. The journey to Madinah is known as the Hijrah.
Muhammad began to win support from the people of Madinah as well as Arabs in the desert known as the bedouin.
Questions 20-21

21. Submission to Allah also meant submission to his prophet, so Muhammad soon became both a religious and political leader.

22. Muhammad put together a military force.
In 630, Muhammad returned to Makka with 10,000 men.
After the city surrendered, and most of the people converted to Islam, Muhammad declared the Kabba a sacred shrine of Islam.
Question 22
Two years after his triumphant return to Makkah, just as Islam was spreading through the Arabian Peninsula, Muhammad died. All Muslims are encouraged to make a pilgrimage to Makkah, known as the hajj, if possible.

23. The Teachings of Muhammad
MAIN IDEA: Islam, like Christianity and Judaism, is a monotheistic religion. Islam is also both a set of religious beliefs and a whole way of life.

24. Emphasis on salvation and offers the hope of an afterlife
Islam is like Christianity and Judiasm
Monotheistic
Emphasis on salvation and offers the hope of an afterlife
Those who desire to achieve life after death must subject themselves to the will of Allah.
Question 23

25. Islam is NOT like Christianity and Judiasm
Islam does not believe that its first preacher was divine. Muhammad was a man like other men.
Question 24

26. Belief Prayer Charity Fasting Pilgrimage Five Pillars of Islam
Question 25
Islam is a direct and simple faith, stressing the need to obey the will of Allah. This means practicing acts of worship known as the Five Pillars of Islam.

27. Question 25
Belief = Shahada
Prayer = Salah
Charity = Zakat
Fasting = Saum (Takes place on the 9th Month of the Islamic Calendar, the month that the Quran was revealed to Muhammad. This year Ramadan began on September 24th.)
Pilgrimage – Hajj
The faithful who follow the law go to an eternal paradise.

28. Shari'ah Practical laws to regulate daily life
Based on interpretations of Quran and example set by Muhammad
Regulates all aspects of Muslim life
Family
Business
Government
Moral Conduct
Question 26
Islam is not just a set of religious beliefs but a way of life as well. After Muhammad’s death, Muslim scholars developed a law code known as the shari’ah. It is a set of practical laws to regulate their daily lives. It is based on scholars’ interpretations of the Quran and the example set by Muhammad in his life. It regulates all aspects of Muslim life including family life, business practices, government, and moral conduct. It does not separate religious matter from civil or political law.

29. must worship according to the Five Pillars.
Muslims...
must worship according to the Five Pillars.
must practice honesty and justice in dealing with others.
are forbidden to gamble, eat pork, drink alcohol, or engage in dishonest behavior.
must base their family lives on marriage.
Question 27