1. 1 Handling Foreign Affairs2 The Monroe Doctrine… 25Growing Tensions26 & How to Reduce Them 27The Compromise28 Uncle Tom’s Cabin 29Unavoidable Violence?30 Bleeding Kansas 31The Crisis32 Dred Scott 33The Nation Divides34 Top 5 Reasons for War 35The Call to Arms36 Advantages & Disadvantages 37Americans vs. Americans38 First-Hand Experiences 39Faces of Robert E. Lee 40 Robert E. Lee Figure 41Emancipating the Slaves42 Emancipation Proclamation 43War Analysis44 DBQs Women in the War 4546 4748 4950 5152

2. War Analysis 43

3. North vs. South Yankee vs. Rebel Blue vs. Grey

4. CIVIL WAR Approximately 625,000 men died in the Civil War, more Americans than in World War I, World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War combined. If the names of the Civil War dead were arranged like the names on the Vietnam Memorial, it would stretch over 10 times the wall’s length. Rifles were by far the war’s deadliest weapons, but deadlier still was disease. Not only North vs. South, but Brother vs. Brother, Father vs. Son, Friend vs. Neighbor

5. Why so many deaths? New rifles, spiral grooved barrels, and Minnie Ball ammunition, replaces smooth bore and round ball ammunition. As armies massed, men slept side by side in unventilated tents. Camps became breeding grounds for childhood diseases such as mumps, chicken pox and measles. One million Union soldiers contracted malaria, and epidemics were common.

6. How to Load and Fire the Minnie Ball

7. Weapons & Injuries Rifled Muskets Large and heavy ammunition (Minnie Ball) Travelled farther (about 2-3 hundred yards) Rifled musket more accurate than smooth bore Broken Bones Amputations very common Takes about 12 minutes to cut off an arm or leg 1 in 4 Soldiers die after amputations

8. Doctors Tools of the Trade Amputation Tools

9. Caskets and Embalming Although embalming dates to ancient Egypt, but didn’t become popular in the U.S. until the Civil War. If a body wasn’t embalmed properly, legally it couldn’t be transported, and often it would end up buried in a shallow grave on the battlefield. Embalming was performed by squeezing a rubber ball that would pump the embalming fluid into the deceased’s artery in the area of the armpit. This process took a couple of hours. There rarely was a need to drain blood because that occurred on the battlefield. When the embalming was complete, the body was placed in a wooden box usually lined with zinc. On the lid appeared the name of the deceased along with his parents’ names

10. Making Money Off the Dead?! Fees for embalming were $50 for an officer and $25 for an enlisted man. As the war continued and embalmers were in high demand, those figures rose to $80 and $30, respectively. Feeling that they could make even more money if he worked in the private sector, many doctors resigned from the military and began to charge $100 per embalming.

11. Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3 1863 Two armies clash for 3 days in Gettysburg PA. 75,000 Confederate troops under General Robert E. Lee, and General Longstreet. 83,000 Union Troops under the new General George Meade.

12. The Whole Battle Started Over Shoes During the war, many of the soldiers fighting for the Confederacy did not have shoes, as most of the shoe factories were in the North. So the battle was started by a contingent of soldiers going to Gettysburg because there was a shoe factory there. They found out, the hard way, there were actually thousands of Northern soldiers present and the Battle began.

13. Day 3 Pickett’s Charge Taking place on July 3, 1863, the third and final day of battle, it involved an infantry assault of approximately 15,000 Confederate soldiers against Union Major General George Meade's troops' position along Cemetery Ridge, manned by some 6,500 Federals. The assault was preceded by an artillery bombardment of 150 Confederate guns, the largest grand battery ever assembled on the North American continent, which began firing at 1:00 in the afternoon. Approximately 75 Union cannon responded until ordered to cease firing and conserve ammunition. The assault would take the nine brigades of Confederate soldiers over three- quarter mile of open ground susceptible to cannon fire the entire time. The open area the infantry had to cross was cut across its length by the sunken Emmitsburg Road with a rail fence. The Confederates would have to climb over or tear down these obstacles while under fire. The ill-fated assault resulted in over 6,000 Confederate casualties and marked the end of the battle of Gettysburg as well as Lee's last invasion of the north.

14. Pickets Charge Clip 1 “The Plan” Pickett’s Charge Clip 2 “The Attack”

15. General Sherman's March “Total War” - burn and destroy the South's ability to make war. Discourage the Southern Armies fighting in the North. Encourage the Male Slaves to join “The Cause” Fight and March 20 miles a day, travel light and live off the land. Raiding parties take food from local farms.

16. “Total War”

17. DBQs Women & the War 44

18. DBQs Women & the War 44

20. DBQs Women & the War 44