2. collage

4. The Versailles Treaty Germany Blamed for war Lost colonies New countries formed out theirs Paid (war debts) reparations Germany Blamed for war Lost colonies New countries formed out theirs Paid (war debts) reparations

5. The Ineffectiveness of the League of Nations  No control of major conflicts.  No progress in disarmament.  No effective military force.

6. International Agreements  Several attempts by U.S. to get countries to agree to disarming  Washington Disarmament Conference  Geneva Convention  Treaties with Japan  Kellog-Briand Pact – 1928  Makes war illegal as a tool of diplomacy o No enforcement provisions

7. Japan Invades Manchuria 1931

8. 1931 into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China….. 1940 invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel. 1931 into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China….. 1940 invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel.

9. Problems in Europe After WWI Great Depression Economic = people were jobless Political = weak governments could not solve problems in their countries………..Fear of Jews and Communists Social = times of unrest people look for a leader.

10. Totalitarian dictators came to power during the 1920s and 1930s in Europe. Totalitarian dictators COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS! Totalitarian dictators have total power….There are no freedoms in this type of society…..Usually racist and discriminatory towards certain groups……Often have large militaries and must expand and conquer to gain approval from their people. COMMUNISM, FASCISM AND NAZISM ARE TOTALITARIAN DICTATORSHIPS! Adolph Hitler Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin dictators

11. The Rise of Adolph Hiler  Born in Austria  Fought in WWI and was bitter towards the Treaty of Versailles

12.  Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)  Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi party  November 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.  Discovers a small political party known as The National Socialist German Workers Party (NAZI)  Begins to work himself into the leadership positions of the Nazi party  November 1923- The "Beer Hall Putsch“, Hitler and the Nazis try to overthrow the local government of Munich, Germany.  After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political parties.  Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views.  After the war his job in the army was to keep tabs on different political parties.  Hitler already shows anti-Semitic views. The Rise of Adolph Hiler

13.  It fails and Hitler is arrested.  He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5- year sentence.  Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”  After his release from prison he continued to work with the Nazi party to take over Germany.  It fails and Hitler is arrested.  He is convicted 1924 and serves 9 months out of a 5- year sentence.  Hitler writes his book Mein Kampf or “My Struggle”  After his release from prison he continued to work with the Nazi party to take over Germany. The Rise of Adolph Hitler

14. antisemitism If, with the help of his Marxist creed, the Jew is victorious over the other peoples of the world, his crown will be the funeral wreath of humanity and this planet will, as it did thousands of years ago, move through the ether devoid of men. The end is not only the end of the freedom of the peoples oppressed by the Jew, but also the end of this parasite upon the nations. After the death of his victim, the vampire sooner or later dies too.

15. THIRD REICH HITLER WANTED GERMANY TO BECOME THE THIRD WORLD EMPIRE AND UNITE ALL GERMAN SPEAKING NATIONS THAT WOULD RULE THE WORLD FOR A 1,000 YEARS.

16. nuremberg Hitler blames Jews and Communists for problems of Germany Loss of WWILoss of WWI German Economic DepressionGerman Economic Depression raceJews identified as a “race” –not a religion Anti-Semitism A New Education BeginsA New Education Begins Save purity of German race. Aryan Virtues----Nuremberg Laws A Common Enemy

17. ANTI-SEMITISM ANTI-JEWISH….THE HATRED OF JEWS, THEIR CULTURE AND RELIGION. IT IS THE PRACTICE OF RACISM THAT LEADS TO ALL FORMS OF HOSTILITY DIRECTED TOWARDS THE JEWS. antisemitism

18. German children were taught in school that Jews were inferior.

19. Anti-SemitismNazi Government Policy of Anti-Semitism Purity of German bloodPurity of German blood was essential to the existence of the German people and nation. Nuremberg LawsNuremberg Laws passed in 1935 provided legal basis. Millions of Jews died in German concentration camps.

20. 1. Marriages between Jews and citizens of German blood are forbidden. 2. Sexual relations outside marriage between Jews and German blood are forbidden. 3. Jews will not be permitted to employ female citizens of German blood as servants. 4. Jews are forbidden to display the Reich and national flag or the national colors. nuremberg

21. 5. Jewish children and German were segregated. 6. The right to citizenship is acquired by the granting of Reich citizenship papers. 7. Only the citizen of the Reich enjoys full political rights in accordance of the laws. 8. A citizen of the Reich is of German blood and who shows that he is both desirous and fit to serve the German people and Reich faithfully. nuremberg

22. THE NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS NOV. 1938, OFFICIAL GERMAN POLICY OF PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS IN GERMANY! 1938 WAS THE TIME IN GERMANY WHEN TO BE A JEW IN GERMANY BECOMES DANGEROUS! kristalnacht

23. Violence Escalates With Systematic Invasions The Night of Broken Glass

25. U.S. ISLANDS OPEN DOORBETWEEN 1931 TO 1941, JAPAN CONTROLLED MOST OF ASIA AND WAS THREATENING U.S. ISLANDS AND OUR OPEN DOOR TRADE POLICY. TREATY OF VERSAILLESFROM 1935 TO 1939, HITLER REMARMED GERMANY IN VIOLATION OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES. GERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED DEMOCRACIESGERMANY/ITALY CONQUERED ALL THE DEMOCRACIES IN EUROPE. US POLICYNEUTRALITYUS POLICY WAS STRICT NEUTRALITY BUT ULTIMATELY WOULD BE DRAWN INTO WWII. democracies

26. 1931 into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China….. 1940 invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel. 1931 into Manchuria 1937 into China and starts WWII in Asia 1937, U.S. refuses trade with Japan until they withdraw from China….. 1940 invades Indochina US froze Japanese assets, refused to trade oil, gasoline and steel.

27. map/japan

28. GERMAN EXPANSION 1935 to 1939, unopposed by the League of Nations. Rhineland 1936 Austria 1938 GERMAN EXPANSION 1935 to 1939, unopposed by the League of Nations. Rhineland 1936 Austria 1938

30. Sudetenland Part of Germany before WWI. Treaty of Versailles created Czechoslovakia 7,450,000 Czechs 3,200,000 Germans 2,300,000 Slovaks 720,000 Magyars 560,000 Ruthenes 100,000 Poles Sudetenland Part of Germany before WWI. Treaty of Versailles created Czechoslovakia 7,450,000 Czechs 3,200,000 Germans 2,300,000 Slovaks 720,000 Magyars 560,000 Ruthenes 100,000 Poles Munich Conference

31. German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Hitler got the Sudetenland. Hitler got the Sudetenland. German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” German demands for the Sudetenland are met = “All I want, is a Germany for Germans” All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. All Chamberlain wanted was peace at any cost. Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain believed that by sacrificing Czechoslovakia he had satisfied Hitler and he would stop being aggressive; he promised “a peace with honor… peace in our time.” Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Chamberlain gave into Hitler (appeasement) Hitler got the Sudetenland. Hitler got the Sudetenland.

32. Umbrella Road What is the cartoonist trying to say here? appeaseWhat is meant by, “we might as well try to appease him”? How does the cartoonist justify his decision to appease Hitler? Notice the American countries……. What is this symbolic of?

33. FDR’s “I hate war” Speech (1936)

34. 1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries. 1936: forbid loans to all belligerents 1939: prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of belligerent nations 1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries. 1936: forbid loans to all belligerents 1939: prohibited Americans from traveling on ships of belligerent nations Neutral FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for war…..BUT TRYING TO REMAIN ISOLATED AND NEUTRAL

35. Americans wanted to remain neutral. America First Committee Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies Feb. 21, 1940: Yes: 23% No 77%Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler? Yes: 23% No 77% Americans wanted to remain neutral. America First Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies Feb.Feb. 21, 1940: 1940: If Germany is defeating England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler? Yes: 23% No 77% Neutral

36. December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World War? Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19% December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World War? Yes: 39% No 42% No opinion 19%

37. FDR’s speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing the threat of the Axis Powers. FDR believed American security was seriously threatened and believed the struggle was over American democracy. FDR’s speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing the threat of the Axis Powers. FDR believed American security was seriously threatened and believed the struggle was over American democracy. atlantic1 FIRST, freedom of speech and expression, everywhere in the world. SECOND, freedom of every person to worship God in his own way,everywhere in the world. THIRD, freedom from want, which translated into world terms, economic and healthy peace time life, everywhere in the world. FOURTH, freedom from fear, worldwide reduction of armaments, everywhere in the world. Other things FDR stated: The world order is to seek cooperation of free countries, in a friendly civilized society. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere.

38. LEND LEASE RENTING, LEASING, GIVING BRITAIN AND LATER SOVIET UNION AND CHINA, MILITARY WEAPONS TO ARM THEM AGAINST THE GERMANS AND JAPANESE… FDR’s FINAL ATTEMPT TO REMAIN NEUTRAL! USA BECOMES THE “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”

39. Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union...........................$11 billion France......................................$ 3 billion China.......................................$1.5 billion Other European.................$500 million South America...................$400 million The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000 U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941, “ US becomes the arsenal of democracy”

41. US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitler’s invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the “arsenal of democracy”. lend lease

42. Chapter 24, Section 2 1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands and France 1941: Soviet Union 1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands and France 1941: Soviet Union June 22, 1941, Hitler invades the Soviet Union

43. atlantic1 FDR and Winston Churchill meet on the USS Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic Charter, August 12, 1941. They met together to make known certain common principles of their respective countries on which they base their hopes for a better future for the world.

44. atlantic1 FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory….. SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations. THIRD, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government FOURTH, Access to raw materials for all FIFTH, World economic cooperation SIXTH, Freedom from fear and want SEVENTH, freedom of the seas EIGHTH, Disarmament of aggressors NINTH, a United Nations for world peace.

45. The Attack Plan (Japanese)  By attacking our three main bases (???) the Japanese hoped to have free reign to take out southern Asia.  Wanted oil, rubber & metal.  They wanted control of East Asia (all the way down to Australia).  They concentrated on attacking the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). This would allow the Japanese to attack Australia.  All that would be left would be small islands here and there in the Pacific and the Japanese would feel no threat from them.

46. map/japan

47. Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto Commander of the Japanese Navy Responsible for the success of the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor. WWII Military Leaders Captain Mitsuo Fuchida Led the attack at Pearl Harbor. “Tora, Tora, Tora” “Attack, Attack, Attack”

50. Infamy9

52.  In less than 2 hours, the Pacific Fleet lost two battleships, six others were heavily battered and nearly a dozen lesser vessels put out of action.  More than 150 planes were wrecked; over 2,300 servicemen were killed and 1,100 wounded.  Blame was widespread, both on the Officials in Washington and on the Admiral and the General in Hawaii.

53. After FDR’s Day of Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war against Japan, Congress approved the declaration…. FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941 After FDR’s Day of Infamy speech asking for a declaration of war against Japan, Congress approved the declaration…. FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on Dec. 8, 1941