1. THE GREAT WAR Use your textbook (p. 839) to complete the “Europe in 1914” map activity. This map will visually display the entangling alliances that play critical roles in the instigation and progression of World War One as well as the overall consequences of the global conflict. YOU HAVE 20 MINUTES.

2. THE GREAT WAR 1914-1918

3. The MAIN Causes M ilitarism M ilitarism A lliances A lliances I mperialism I mperialism N ationalism N ationalism

4. M ilitarism Military build up Military build up Why the increase? Why the increase? – Protect colonies – Protect balance of power in Europe Simply an “arms race” between world powers to determine who would be the most powerful Simply an “arms race” between world powers to determine who would be the most powerful

5. A lliances Agreement made by two or more countries to provide help and aid whenever needed Agreement made by two or more countries to provide help and aid whenever needed Once alliance is signed, the countries become allies Once alliance is signed, the countries become allies Multiple alliances made between 1879-1914 Multiple alliances made between 1879-1914 IMPORTANT: due to signed alliances, countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies declared war first IMPORTANT: due to signed alliances, countries had no option but to declare war if one of their allies declared war first

8. I mperialism Strong country takes over a weaker country and subjects them to new rule Strong country takes over a weaker country and subjects them to new rule By 1900... By 1900... – British Empire extended over five continents – France controlled large areas of Africa Increased rivalry with Germany who entered the “scramble” late Increased rivalry with Germany who entered the “scramble” late

9. N ationalism Loyalty to country rather than a political leader Loyalty to country rather than a political leader Strongly supporting the rights and interests of one’s country Strongly supporting the rights and interests of one’s country Congress of Vienna resulted in unification of empires and the division of others Congress of Vienna resulted in unification of empires and the division of others Nationalist movements led to the reunification of Italy and Germany which then became strong states Nationalist movements led to the reunification of Italy and Germany which then became strong states Austria-Hungary and Serbia were home to multiple nationalist groups that wanted freedom from the states in which they lived Austria-Hungary and Serbia were home to multiple nationalist groups that wanted freedom from the states in which they lived

10. THE TRIGGER THE TRIGGER June 28, 1914: June 28, 1914: – Gavrilo Princep (Serbian Nationalist) assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria in Sarajevo In response... In response... – Austria-Hungary delivered a list of demands to Serbia – Serbia refused – Austria-Hungary (and all allies) declared war

12. Declaration of War in Munich, Germany

14. THE FIGHTING BEGINS

15. The Fighting Begins Alliances Prior to World War I Alliances Prior to World War I – Triple Alliance: Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary – Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia As Europe dove deeper into war… As Europe dove deeper into war… – Triple Alliance becomes the Central Powers – Triple Entente becomes Allied Powers

16. The Fighting Begins Germany feared a “two front war” – Eastern Front: German and Russian boarder – Western Front: Northern France Germany’s Von Schlieffen Plan – Quickly defeat France – Move East to defeat unprepared Russia Execution of the Von Schlieffen Plan – Germany invades Belgium on way to France – Attack on Belgium forced Great Britain to declare war on Germany

18. The Great Stalemate Germany unable to defeat France quickly Russians soon attacked East Germany which allowed France to set up additional defenses September 1914: Germany “entrenched” themselves on the front at the Battle of the Marne (IMPORTANT) Neither side gained much territory for the next four years Ultimate result: STALEMATE at Western Front! Similar results on the Eastern Front

20. New Weapons of War Tank Aircrafts Poisonous Gas Machine Guns Trench Warfare Submarine Warfare

29. Trench Warfare What were the pitfalls of trench warfare? Could “no-man’s land” be breached successfully in order to gain more ground? What must it have been like to live with the dead and vermin on a daily basis? What could have been some of the issues facing the soldiers? – Psychological? – Physical? Why would some soldiers have killed themselves rather than stay in trenches? Why did so many suffer from “shell-shock” upon returning home? Why would the government’s not want those back home to know how soldier’s were living?

31. Did these technological advancements result in a quick war?

32. All this technology did was kill greater numbers of people more effectively.

33. A GLOBAL CONFLICT

34. TOTAL WAR Encompassed every aspect of life: – Political – Economic – Social “Home Front” – Conservation of goods and food (rations) – Factories produce munitions – Governments controlled public opinion through Propaganda

36. WOMEN IN THE WAR Since many men where are way in battle, many women worked in factories and shipping industries to contribute to the war effort. Some women served as nurses at home and on the front. Many saw women's abilities and it changed traditional public opinion about gender roles. After the war many women were granted the right to vote in many countries.

37. How does a global conflict end? Under the new leadership of Lenin, Russia withdraws from the conflict. The Central Powers continued to crumble until Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down as leader of Germany. The First World War ended in November 11, 1918.

38. AMERICA JOINS THE WAR With the United States finally in the war, the balance, it seemed was about to tip in the Allies’ favor. But what caused the Americans to join?

39. AMERICA JOINS THE WAR Bell Ringer Activity Use the section titled “America Joins the Fight” (852-853) to explain each event and how it brought the United States into the War. GIRLS: Sinking of the Lusitania BOYS: The Zimmerman Note On my command, you have two minutes to explain your event and how it brought the United States into the War. Be the first girl or boy to correctly complete your event and win a prize!

40. RUSSIA WITHDRAWS Under the new leadership of Lenin, Russia withdraws from the conflict. How did this affect Germany and the Central Powers?

41. RUSSIA WITHDRAWS Bell Ringer Activity Use the section titled “The Allies Win the War” (854-855) to explain how Russia’s withdrawal affected the Central Powers and the overall outcome of the War. EVERYONE will be answering the same question on the back of the handout in one short paragraph. On my command, you have five minutes to explain how Russia’s withdrawal effected the Central Powers and the overall outcome of the War. Be the first girl or boy to correctly complete your event and win a prize!

42. BUT WHAT MATTERED MORE? Was it American entry into the War or Russian withdrawal that most significantly impacted the outcome of the War? Defend your choice on the post-it note provided. AMERICAN ENTRY: whiteboard at the front RUSSIAN WITHDRAWAL: back of door INCLUDE YOUR NAME!

43. THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES A Flawed Peace

44. Was the Treaty of Versailles fair? You have been divided into groups of three. One student in each group will be given a Great Britain worksheet, one student in each group will be given a United States worksheet, and one student in each group will be given a France worksheet. You will each read their own sheet and make note of the most important information from the passage by underlining or starring. Each of you must have at least three items dealing with what their country wanted to obtain from the peace agreement. You will be given 10 MINUTES to share their information with their group members and then you will share your responses with the class.

45. Was the Treaty of Versailles fair? Now, read through the German Peace Delegation with your group members. What does this primary source claim will happen to Germany if the Versailles Treaty is passed? You should note/underline/star specific examples of what bad things are predicted to occur in the country as a result of the Versailles Treaty. You have 20 MINUTES to read through this information and discuss it with your group mates.

46. Was the Treaty of Versailles fair? Finally, review the chart that details the major provisions of the Versailles Treaty on textbook page 861. Answer the question at the bottom of the worksheet. You MUST explain the reasoning behind your answers using evidence from the secondary and primary sources.