1. PRE-DRIVE TASKS

2. Entering the Vehicle How should a driver approach when: Parked in a Parking Lot? Parked at a curb?

3. Before Entering the Vehicle Check around the outside of the vehicle for Broken glass (windows, lights, etc.), Body damage, Condition of tires, Fluid leaks, Direction of front tires, or Debris on the ground that could interfere with movement Pets/animals Small children or pets near vehicle.

4. Fluid Leaks Air conditioner runoff = small puddle; clear (water) Radiator leak = noticeably large amount of water Windshield washer fluid = blue (traditionally) Transmission fluid = pink/red Oil = brown/black Brake fluid= yellow/brown Antifreeze = green Gasoline = rainbow (in light)

5. Entering the Vehicle Key in Hand – Unlock Doors Store personal items in the trunk prevents theft and movement of unsecured items Control Door Swing Enter vehicle Check passengers for safe entry Lock Doors Insert Key into ignition

6. Ignition Switch

7. Adjusting Driver’s Seating Position Adjust so heel can pivot smoothly between foot pedals Allow at least 10” between steering wheel and driver’s chest Top of head restraint should be even with top of ear Adjust the seat back for driver’s visual needs and vehicle control

8. Adjusting the Vehicle for Your  Place back/shoulders against the back of the seat  Slightly bend knees  Rest right heel on floorboard between brake and accelerator  Sit high enough so top of steering wheel is between shoulders and chin  Use secured seat cushion if needed to raise seating height  Rest left foot on “dead pedal”

9. Adjusting the Head Restraint A head restraint that’s too low or too far back will not protect your head and neck in a crash. The four images below illustrate a typical impact.

10. When Seated Properly, You Should See The ground within: 12–15 feet to the front. One and one-half to two car widths to the right side. One-half to one car width to the left side.

11. Click it or Ticket Put on seat belt Make sure all passengers are buckled in also. It is the driver’s responsibility to ensure everyone is following the law. If a passenger who should be buckled is found to be unbuckled, the driver gets the ticket. Safety belts (seatbelts) are designed so the forces in a crash are absorbed by the strongest skeletal bones of the body: hip bone (pelvis) chest (sternum) shoulder

12. Safety Belts  Sit with shoulders and lower back firmly against seat  Snug the lap belt secured across rib cage and bony pelvic area  Adjust shoulder belt height with movable anchors on pillars so the belt does not rub against your neck  Check passengers for proper fit

13. Child Safety Seats & Booster Seats Passengers younger than 12 are safer sitting in the rear seat All children under age 8 must be secured in a child safety seat or booster seat. Children from birth to 1 year ride facing the rear. Children age 1+ ride facing forward in a child safety seat or booster seat ** The safest place to install a child safety seat is the center of the back seat.

14. PROTECTING OCCUPANTS Make everyone in the car wear a seatbelt video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6Qhmdk4VNs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e6Qhmdk4VNs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q7aB98hZxBM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SSz6y-W-R_A Car seats: 2 min Silent crash dummy tests: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=di0dSVJm-Rc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=di0dSVJm-Rc

15. Traditional Mirror Settings Right Side Mirror View Left Side Mirror View Rear Mirror View

16. BGE: Blind Glare Elimination Advantages of BGE mirror settings Visible space in the mirror doesn’t overlap More space can be seen without turning your head Allows you to monitor the adjacent lane Blind spots are made smaller Only need a quick glance into blind spot Greatly reduces glare from headlights of following vehicles

17. Setting your mirrors using BGE Rearview Mirror Should frame back window, not look into backseat Adjust each side mirror until you can barely see the side of your vehicle, so you maximize the view of the lane next to your vehicle Side View Mirrors Should shine out into blind spots, not at vehicle’s side. BGE mirror settings Driver‘s Side Place your head against the driver’s side window and adjust the driver’s side mirror so you can barely see the driver’s side of your car. Passenger Side Move your head as close to the center of the car as possible and adjust the passenger’s side mirror so you can barely see the passenger’s side of your car. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KwzUE6PHk4U

18. Rear Mirror View Right Side Mirror View Left Side Mirror View 15º BGE Settings

19. Blind Glare Elimination Setting The BGE enhanced side mirror settings (15 degrees to outside) eliminates right and left side mirror blind areas ENHANCED LEFT SIDE MIRROR VIEW ENHANCED RIGHT SIDE MIRROR VIEW REAR MIRROR VIEW

20. Hand Position Correct Hand Position is 8 and 4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og_zHqbWc2M&feature=related (1.5 min) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=og_zHqbWc2M&feature=related

21. Why 8 and 4 Hand Position? Eliminates excessive steering Overcorrecting is the primary cause of young driver fatalities More stability control Protects forearms in the event of airbag deployment Reduces arm fatigue and back pain during long periods of driving Less wear on vehicle’s steering column

22. Types of Steering HAND TO HAND STEERING HAND OVER HAND

23. Hand-Over-Hand Steering How is it done? Most of your parents probably use Issues Arms sometimes cross Sometimes, only one hand is gripping the wheel Forearms are directly in front of wheel, in danger of being broken if airbag deploys Steering is often jerky, rather than smooth

24. Push-Pull-Slide Steering How is it done? Why use it? Reduces excessive steering Reduces oversteering in emergency situations Reduces chance of injury during frontal crashes because arms do not cross in front of the air bag Push Pull Slide Steering Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= pS3ECPrplKo

25. Steering Control Amount of steering required to adjust path of travel varies among vehicles Slower speeds require faster steering wheel movement Faster speeds require slower steering movement Steer right – vehicle turns to the right Steer left – vehicle turns to the left

26. Steering Errors Research shows that a substantial percentage of crashes involving 16-year old drivers result from failure to make a quick turn or from improper evasive steering. Questions: What steering errors could drivers commit? What could be the results of such errors?

27. Starting Tasks: Final Steps Adjust climate control. Put your foot on the brake. Check parking brake: ensure that it’s off. Either hand brake or foot brake Put vehicle in gear.