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POETRY. Poetic GENRES Poetic GENRES To begin with, let’s remember that most poetry does NOT rhyme.

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Presentation on theme: "POETRY. Poetic GENRES Poetic GENRES To begin with, let’s remember that most poetry does NOT rhyme."— Presentation transcript:

1 POETRY

2 Poetic GENRES

3 Poetic GENRES To begin with, let’s remember that most poetry does NOT rhyme.

4 Poetic GENRES Lyric poetry DEFINITION: highly musical verse that expresses the observations and feelings of a single speaker. It creates a single, unified impression.  Short  Usually in 1 st person point of view  Expresses emotion or describes a scene  Does NOT tell a story  No syllable requirements  No rhyme scheme requirements

5 Poetic GENRES Acrostic poetry DEFINITION: a poem in which the first letter of each line spells a word or phrase that is the topic of the poem.  Oftentimes done about a name  No syllable requirements  No rhyme scheme requirements

6 Poetic GENRES Ballad poetry DEFINITION: a poem that tells a story in a musical way or with a musical feeling  Can be as long as the story requires  Odd-numbered lines longer than even- numbered lines  Even-numbered lines should rhyme

7 Poetic GENRES Epic poetry DEFINITION: a long narrative poem about the adventures of gods or a hero. Serious in tone and broad in theme.  Very long  No syllable requirements  No rhyme scheme requirements

8 Poetic GENRES Concrete or Form poetry DEFINITION: a poem with a physical shape that suggests the subject/topic. The poet arranges the letters, punctuation, and lines to create an image, or picture, on the page.  Length – must fit into the shape  No syllable requirements  No rhyme scheme requirements

9 Poetic Forms

10 Poetic Forms Haiku DEFINITION: a Japanese poem about nature.

11 hAIKU by Rolf Nelson Haikus are easy But sometimes they don’t make sense Refrigerator 5 SYLLABLES 7 SYLLABLES 5 SYLLABLES NOTE: not technically a haiku because it’s not about nature by Jonathan Stephens Tell me I'm like light, light that reflects off windows right into your eyes 5 SYLLABLES 7 SYLLABLES 5 SYLLABLES by Jonathan Stephens I long for summer Swinging in my green hammock The oak leaves whistling 5 SYLLABLES 7 SYLLABLES 5 SYLLABLES by Matsuo Basho Spring rain leaking through the roof dripping from the wasps' nest. 2 SYLLABLES 5 SYLLABLES 6 SYLLABLES NOTE: But that’s not the right syllables! How is it a haiku?

12 Poetic Forms Haiku DEFINITION: a Japanese poem about nature.  Length – 3 lines  5-7-5  No rhyme scheme requirements

13 Poetic Forms Cinquain DEFINITION: can be about anything

14 Cinquains “November “by Adelaide Crapsey Listen... With faint dry sound, Like steps of passing ghosts, The leaves, frost-crisp’d, break from the trees And fall. 2 SYLLABLES 4 SYLLABLES 6 SYLLABLES 8 SYLLABLES 2 SYLLABLES “Snow” by Adelaide Crapsey Look up... From bleak’ning hills Blows down the light, first breath Of wintry wind... look up, and scent The snow! 2 SYLLABLES 6 SYLLABLES 2 SYLLABLES 4 SYLLABLES 8 SYLLABLES “Guarded Wound” by Adelaide Crapsey If it Were lighter touch Than petal of flower resting On grass, oh still too heavy it were, Too heavy! 2 SYLLABLES 8 SYLLABLES 3 SYLLABLES 4 SYLLABLES 9 SYLLABLES

15 Poetic Forms Cinquain DEFINITION: can be about anything  Length – 5 lines  2-4-6-8-2  No rhyme scheme requirements

16 Poetic Forms Tanka DEFINITION: can be about anything

17 Tankas by Margaret Chula hazy autumn moon the sound of chestnuts dropping from an empty sky I gather your belongings into boxes for the poor 5 SYLLABLES 7 SYLLABLES 5 SYLLABLES 7 SYLLABLES by Lenard D. Moore The night is too long A tavern just off the road With only one car, But the man and woman hug To the song on the jukebox 5 SYLLABLES 7 SYLLABLES by David Rice yellow daffodils in both our growing gardens I worship mine most, more than my neighbor's practice though they look the same as mine 5 SYLLABLES 7 SYLLABLES

18 Poetic Forms Tanka DEFINITION: can be about anything  Length – 5 lines  5-7-5-7-7  No rhyme scheme requirements

19 Poetic Forms Villanelle DEFINITION: highly specialized 6-stanza, 19-line poem that features two repeating lines

20 C1 Villanelle The flashlight almost hit us again Guards patrol the hill to keep us from our goal We are going to get the flag We dart from rock to tree in pursuit of the dream Crawling through bushes and pine trees, clothes black as coal The flashlight almost hit us again We have to get the flag before the other four teams Red and white striped on the hill, in a field, atop a pole We are going to get the flag Snaking like snipers through the trees avoiding the beams We crawl, one behind the other, through brush and through holes The flashlight almost hit us again An open field is our last obstacle but all around flashlights gleam We military crawl through the foot-high grass barely avoiding a patrol We are going to get the flag We have to grab the flag before we are seen Across the shining moonlit grass field we can see the flag, our goal The flashlight almost hit us again We are going to get the flag A1 B D B C1 D B A1 D B C1 D B A1 D B C1

21 Poetic Forms Villanelle DEFINITION: highly specialized 6-stanza poem that features two repeating lines  Length – 19 lines  No syllable requirements  Rhyme scheme: A1 B C1 D B A1 D B C1 D B A1 D B C1 D B A1 C1

22 Poetic Forms Shakespearean Sonnet DEFINITION: a type of sonnet made famous by William Shakespeare  Length – 14 lines  10 syllables per line  Rhyme scheme: ABABABAB CDCDCDCD EFEFEFEF GGGG

23 the Prologue Romeo & Juliet

24 Shakespearean Sonnet ABABCDCDEFEFGGABABCDCDEFEFGG Two households, both alike in DIGNITY (In fair Verona, where we lay our SCENE), From ancient grudge break to new MUTINY, Where civil blood makes civil hands UNCLEAN. From forth the fatal loins of these two FOES A pair of star-crossed lovers take their LIFE; Whose misadventured piteous OVERTHROWS Doth with their death bury their parents’ STRIFE. The fearful passage of their death-marked LOVE And the continuance of their parents’ RAGE, Which, but their children’s end, naught could REMOVE Is now the two hours’ traffic of our STAGE; The which, if you with patient ears ATTEND, What hear shall miss, our toil shall strive to MEND.

25 Shakespearean Sonnet ABABABAB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Two households, both alike in DIGNITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (In fair Verona, where we lay our SCENE), 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 From ancient grudge break to new MUTINY, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Where civil blood makes civil hands UNCLEAN.

26 Shakespearean Sonnet ABABABAB ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Two households, both alike in DIGNITY ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (In fair Verona, where we lay our SCENE), ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 From ancient grudge break to new MUTINY, ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / ˘ / 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Where civil blood makes civil hands UNCLEAN.

27 Poetic Forms Shakespearean Sonnet DEFINITION: a type of sonnet made famous by William Shakespeare  Length – 14 lines  10 syllables per line  Rhyme scheme: ABABABAB CDCDCDCD EFEFEFEF GGGG

28 the first kiss Romeo & Juliet

29 Act 1 | Scene 5 Party ABABCDCDEFEFGGABABCDCDEFEFGG If I profane with my unworthliest hand This holy shrine, the gentle sin is this My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready stand To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much Which mannerly devotion shows in this For saints has hands that pilgrims’ hands do touch And palm to palm is holy palmers’ kiss Have not saints lips, and holy palmers too? Ay, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. O then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do. They pray: grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. Saints do not move, though grant for prayers’ sake. Then move not while my prayer’s effect I take.

30 I Sat & Pondered ABABCDCDEFEFGGABABCDCDEFEFGG I sat and pondered the way I would die wishing a death fit for history books hoping to someday fight a tall grizzly on a bridge by a small creek in the woods. It would be a heroic death for me to battle the brute of a bear like this, His instinct, my mind, his power, my speed, my courage and strength will stand against his. My last crusade of great valor and moves. Think of the death, the sharp paws bludgeoning, swatting, pawing, the roar of the bear proves this death’s valor, the makes of a legend. My thoughts can yet determine my ending. In sleep? Passive? My death is my sending. by Jonathan Stephens

31 Poetic Forms Limerick DEFINITION: a humorous, musical-feeling poem that oftentimes makes fun of or tells a story about a specific person.

32 LImerick There once was a Thingamajig Like a Whatsis, but three times as big. When it first came in view, It looked something like you But it stayed and turned into a pig.

33 Poetic Forms Limerick DEFINITION: a humorous, musical-feeling poem that oftentimes makes fun of or tells a story about a specific person.  Length – 5 lines  3 beats – 3 beats – 2 beats – 2 beats – 3 beats  Rhyme scheme: A-A-B-B-A

34 LImerick There was a young fellow who thought Very little, but thought it a lot. Then at long last he knew What he wanted to do, But before he could start, he forgot.

35 LImerick There once was an ape in a zoo Who looked out through the bars and saw YOU! Do you think that it’s fair To give poor apes a scare? I think it’s a mean thing to do.

36 LImerick I've been studying all night and I'm tired, But I can't sleep because I'm so wired. So I'll play on the net 'Stead of going to bed, And my tests will seem a quagmire.

37 Poetic Forms Ode DEFINITION: a formal lyric poem with a serious theme. It is usually long and may be written for a private occasion or a public ceremony. Odes often honor people, commemorate events, or respond to natural scenes.  Length – usually long  No syllable requirements  No rhyme scheme requirements

38 Ode William Wordsworth’s “Ode Composed on a May Morning” While from the purpling east departs The star that led the dawn, Blithe Flora from her couch upstarts, For May is on the lawn. A quickening hope, a freshening glee, Foreran the expected Power, Whose first-drawn breath, from bush and tree, Shakes off that pearly shower...

39 Poetic Forms Elegy DEFINITION: a solemn and formal lyric poem about death. It may mourn a particular person or reflect on a serious or tragic theme, such as the passing of youth, beauty, or a way of life  No length requirements  No syllable requirements  No rhyme scheme requirements

40 Elegy Thomas Gray’s “Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”... Here rests his head upon the lap of Earth A youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown. Fair Science frowned not on his humble birth, And Melancholy marked him for her own. Large was his bounty, and his soul sincere, Heaven did a recompense as largely send: He gave to Misery all he had, a tear, He gained from Heaven ('twas all he wish'd) a friend.

41 Poetic Techniques

42 Poetic TECHNIQUES Line DEFINITION: basic structural component of a poem. Literally, a row of words that ends somewhere.

43 Poetic TECHNIQUES Stanza DEFINITION: a formal division of lines in a poem that is considered as a unit. Separated by spaces. Like prose paragraphs, only for poetry. Conveys a single idea.

44 Poetic TECHNIQUES Types of Stanzas Couplet Triplet (tercet) Quatrain Quintet (cinquain) Sestet (sextet) Septet (heptastich) Octave ============== 2-line stanza 3-line stanza 4-line stanza 5-line stanza 6-line stanza 7-line stanza 8-line stanza

45 Poetic TECHNIQUES Meter DEFINITION: the rhythmical pattern of the poem. Determined by the number of stresses or beats in each line.

46 Poetic TECHNIQUES Foot DEFINITION: a basic unit of a meter. Normally contains either two or three syllables with varying patterns of stress.

47 Poetic TECHNIQUES Types of Meter monometer dimeter trimeter tetrameter pentameter hexameter heptameter octometer ================ 1 foot per line 2 feet per line 3 feet per line 4 feet per line 5 feet per line 6 feet per line 7 feet per line 8 feet per line

48 Poetic TECHNIQUES Now practice them aloud… monometer dimeter trimeter tetrameter pentameter hexameter heptameter octometer ================ mon – ah – meh – ter dih – meh – ter trih – meh – ter teh – tra – meh – ter pen – ta – meh – ter hex – a – meh – ter hept – a – meh – ter oct – ah – meh – ter

49 Poetic TECHNIQUES Types of Feet iambic – trochaic – anapestic – dactylic – unstressed, stressed stressed, unstressed unstressed, unstressed, stressed stressed, unstressed, unstressed ˘ / / ˘ ˘ ˘ / / ˘ ˘ before ˘ / listen / ˘ [iambic][trochaic] in a jiff ˘ ˘ / [anapestic] run in a / ˘ ˘ [dactylic]

50 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Two households, both alike in DIGNITY 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 (In fair Verona, where we lay our SCENE), ˘ / FOOT Shakespearean Sonnet ABAB FOOT Type of foot = Type of meter = iambic pentameter ˘ /

51 FOOT Limerick AABAAB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 There once was an ape in a zoo 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Who looked out through the bars and saw YOU! 1 2 3 4 5 6 Do you think that it’s fair FOOT Type of foot = Type of meter = anapestic trimeter ˘ /˘ ˘ /

52 FOOT by Timothy Steele AAAA 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 First come I; my name is Jowett. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 There’s no knowledge but I know it. FOOT Type of foot = Type of meter = trochaic tetrameter / ˘ FOOT / ˘

53 Poetic TECHNIQUES Types of Rhymes End/Audible – Visual – Near/Incomplete – Internal – words at the ends of lines rhyme words look like they should rhyme (see assonance & alliteration) words inside the line rhyme with words at the end of the line

54 Poetic TECHNIQUES Rhyme Scheme DEFINITION: a regular pattern of rhyming words in a poem. Each new rhyme is assigned the next letter of the alphabet, while repeat sounds get whatever letter they were first assigned.

55 What’s the rhyme scheme? You would not believe your eyes If ten million fireflies Lit up the world as I fell asleep Cause they fill the open air And leave teardrops everywhere You'd think me rude, but I Would just stand and stare. I'd like to make myself believe That planet Earth turns slowly. It's hard to say that I'd Rather stay awake when I'm asleep, Cause everything is never as it seems. From “Fireflies” by Owl City A A B C C A C B B A B B

56 Poetic TECHNIQUES Alliteration DEFINITION: the repetition of initial consonant sounds. Writers use alliteration to draw attention to certain words or ideas, to imitate sounds, and to create musical effects.

57 Alliteration Paul McCann’s “Dewdrops Dancing Down Daisies” Don't delay dawns disarming display. Dusk demands daylight. Dewdrops dwell delicately drawing dazzling delight. Dewdrops dilute daisies domain. Distinguished debutantes. Diamonds defray delivered daylights distilled daisy dance.

58 Poetic TECHNIQUES Assonance DEFINITION: the effect created when words with the same vowel sound are used in close proximity, but where the consonant sounds in these words are different.

59 Poetic TECHNIQUES Consonance DEFINITION: the effect created when words with the same consonant sound are used in close proximity, but where the vowel sounds in these words are different.

60 alliteration Assonance Cormac McCarthy’s Outer Dark And stepping softly with her air of blooded ruin about the glade in a frail agony of grace she trailed her rags through dust and ashes, circling the dead fire, the charred billets and chalk bones, the little calcined ribcage.

61 Poetic TECHNIQUES Free Verse DEFINITION: poetry not written in a regular, rhythmical pattern, or meter. The poet is free to write lines of any length or with any number of stresses, or beats. Free verse is therefore less constraining than metrical verse, in which every line must have a certain length and a certain number of stresses.

62 Poetic TECHNIQUES Blank Verse DEFINITION: Poetry without a rhyme scheme, but it has meter of some kind.

63 Blank verse FLAVIUS Hence! home, you idle creatures get you home: Is this a holiday? what! know you not, Being mechanical, you ought not walk Upon a labouring day without the sign Of your profession? Speak, what trade art thou? First Commoner Why, sir, a carpenter. MARULLUS Where is thy leather apron and thy rule? What dost thou with thy best apparel on? You, sir, what trade are you? Second Commoner Truly, sir, in respect of a fine workman, I am but, as you would say, a cobbler. From william shakespeare’s Julius caesar

64 Poetic TECHNIQUES Refrain DEFINITION: a regularly repeated line or group of lines in a poem or a song

65 Refrain VERSE Love me cancerously Like a salt-sore soaked in the sea. 'High-maintenance' means You're a gluttonous queen Narcissistic and mean. Kill me romantically Fill my soul with vomit Then ask me for a piece of gum. Bitter and dumb You're my sugarplum. You're awful, I love you! From Ludo’s “Love Me Dead” REFRAIN (CHORUS) She moves through moonbeams slowly She knows just how to hold me And when her edges soften Her body is my coffin I know she drains me slowly

66 Poetic Devices

67 Poetic Devices Simile DEFINITION: a figure of speech that uses like or as to make a direct comparison between two unlike ideas. EXAMPLES: He is as tall as a redwood tree. She runs like a snail.

68 Poetic Devices Metaphor DEFINITION: a figure of speech that describes something as though it were something else. EXAMPLES: from Tombstone >>> “Why Wyatt, you’re an oak.” You are such a stick in the mud.

69 Poetic Devices Idiom DEFINITION: an expression that has a meaning particular to a language or region. A phrase in which the literal meaning of the words does not add up to the actual meaning.

70 idioms EXAMPLES: to go bananas = on pins and needles = hit the ground running = copycat = in the doghouse = fly off the handle = to get super excited waiting with much anxiety to get a quick start on something someone who copies or mimics on someone’s bad side / in trouble to get super angry, very fast

71 Poetic Devices Analogy DEFINITION: makes a comparison between two or more things that are similar in some ways but otherwise unalike – typically, A : B :: C : D – 2 things compared to 2 things. EXAMPLES: A glove is to hand as monitor is to computer. Horses are to past societies as computers are to future societies.

72 Poetic Devices Hyperbole DEFINITION: obvious and intentional exaggeration EXAMPLES: These books weigh a ton. I’m so tired I could sleep for a year.

73 Poetic Devices Litote DEFINITION: a form of understatement, always deliberate and with the intention of emphasis. Oftentimes, comes in the form of sarcasm or complaint. EXAMPLES: His skin is as smooth as sandpaper. “Yeah, you’re hilarious.” “But I’m not going to have anything to wear.”

74 Poetic Devices Symbol DEFINITION: anything that stands for or represents something else. Symbols are common in everyday life. EXAMPLES: See the following slides…

75

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79 What do the following things usually stand for in literature and film?

80 the color black

81 the color white

82 the color green

83 the color blue

84

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86

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93

94 Poetic Devices Personification DEFINITION: a type of figurative language in which a nonhuman subject is given human characteristics. EXAMPLES: Nature speaks to people. The window winked at me.

95 Poetic Devices Pun DEFINITION: the humorous use of a word or phrase to emphasize or suggest different meanings or applications; words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words. EXAMPLES: Illusionists always find themselves in tricky situations. Romance isn't a science... it's a heart.

96 Pun See www.PunOfTheDay.comwww.PunOfTheDay.com

97 Poetic Devices Irony DEFINITION: literary techniques that involve surprising, interesting, or amusing contradictions EXAMPLES: from Sideshow Bob on the Simpsons: “I'm aware of the irony of appearing on TV in order to decry it.” (decry - condemn or denounce)

98 Poetic Devices Parody DEFINITION: a humorous or satirical imitation of a serious piece of literature or writing EXAMPLES: Pride and Prejudice and Zombies Parry Hotter and the Seamy Side of Magic Sense and Sensibility and Sea Monsters

99 Poetic Devices Onomatopoeia DEFINITION: the use of words that imitate sounds and can help put the reader in the activity of a poem. EXAMPLES: Thump Squish Phlblblbplb Thwack Kerplunk Splink

100 POETRY


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