1. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. HIV and AIDS Chapter 21

2. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. What’s your Health IQ? Chapter 21 TRUE / FALSE You can tell if a person is infected with HIV by looking at them.

3. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. FALSE! It can take years to show the first symptoms of an HIV infection. An infected person can carry and spread the disease to others during this time.

4. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 TRUE / FALSE If you drink from a water fountain after a person who’s infected with HIV, you are at risk of becoming infected. What’s your Health IQ?

5. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. FALSE! HIV is NOT transmitted through casual contact, such as drinking from water fountains, holding hands, hugging, “basic” kissing, etc.

6. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 TRUE / FALSE If you donate blood at a school blood drive (or at the South TX Blood and Tissue Center) you are at risk of becoming infected with HIV / AIDS. What’s your Health IQ?

7. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. FALSE! Sterile, single-use needles are used during blood donations in the U.S., so blood donors are not at risk of HIV infection.

8. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 TRUE / FALSE Most people who are infected with HIV know it and will warn others. What’s your Health IQ?

9. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. FALSE! Many HIV-infected people are unaware of their infection and therefore cannot warn anyone else.

10. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ATTENTION STUDENTS: TAKE NOTES ON THE INFORMATION IN RED

11. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. HIV and AIDS Contents Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS Chapter 21

12. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today

13. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today What Are HIV and AIDS? Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): the virus that destroys the immune system the virus that causes AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): People with AIDS cannot fight off illnesses that a healthy immune system could normally defeat (opportunistic infections) Chapter 21

14. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today HIV Around the World AIDS is a pandemic, a disease that spreads quickly through human populations all over the world. More than 20 million people have died from AIDS since HIV was first discovered around 30 years ago. AIDS is the leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa (southern half of the continent). Chapter 21

15. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

16. Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today HIV in the United States CDC (2008) estimates that: ~56,300 new HIV infections every year in the U.S. (about full capacity of the Alamo Dome) >1,000,000 people are currently living with HIV / AIDS in the U.S. ~25% of these are undiagnosed and/or unaware of their infection! CDC estimated 36,828 deaths in the U.S. in 2006 Chapter 21

17. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Statistics (CDC) Estimated New HIV Infections, by Age, 2006

18. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. In 2007: 62,714 Texans were living with HIV/AIDS (Texas Department of Health) 19871997 2007

19. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Section 1 HIV and AIDS Today Teens and HIV Teens, especially female minorities, are among the fastest-growing groups to become infected with HIV. Over 10,000 teens have been diagnosed with HIV in the United States. More than 4,000 of these have developed AIDS. HIV is rising in teens because many teens do not take the risks of HIV and AIDS seriously, and engage in high-risk behaviors. Chapter 21

20. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 AIDS STATISTICS (2002-2003)

21. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. STATE20022003TOTAL NEW YORK6,7416,684162,446 CALIFORINA4,2285,903133,292 FLORIDA4,9794,66694,725 4. TEXAS 3,0763,37962,983 NEW JERSEY1,4561,51646,703 ILLINOIS2,1111,73030,139 PENNSYLVANIA1,7891,89529,988 GEORGIA1,4711,90727,915 MARYLAND1,848157026,918 MASSACHUSETTS80875718,525 Chapter 21

22. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. STATE20022003TOTAL NORTH DAKOTA33115 SOUTH DAKOTA1113218 WYOMING118212 MONTANA177366 VERMONT1216457 TOTALS42,33643,704872,629 Chapter 21

23. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.COUNTYTOTAL HARRIS20,139 DALLAS12,810 3. BEXAR 4,255 TRAVIS3,921 TARRANT3,414 EL PASO1,276 TOTAL60,078 Chapter 21

24. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. WHEN? 1981—AIDS was first discovered WHERE? UCLA Medical Center WHAT? A rare pneumonia known as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) was occurring more frequently than before. Chapter 21

25. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. 1981 AIDS was first discovered 1983 HIV was discovered to be the CAUSE of AIDS 1985 First HIV test developed NOW Test of saliva for HIV antibodies reveals results in 20 minutes Chapter 21

26. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

27. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. How HIV Infects the Body 1.Helper T-cells are invaded by HIV 2.Invaded T cell is used to replicate many more copies of HIV, killing the host T cell in the process 3.Bodies’ T cell count drops, weakening immune system 4. Body loses its ability to fight off infections, cancer, etc 5. An opportunistic infection infects the person, resulting in severe illness or death. Chapter 21 Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

28. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

29. THREE Ways That HIV IS Spread Chapter 21 1.during sexual activity, which includes vaginal, oral, and anal sex, with an infected person 2.through drug use with an infected person (sharing needles or other paraphernalia) 3.from an infected mother to her infant before or during the birth process or by breast-feeding. Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

30. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Ways That HIV Is NOT Spread Chapter 21 1.casual contact, including shaking hands, holding hands, kissing, hugging, or playing sports with an infected person 2.sharing bathroom facilities, drinking glasses, or eating utensils Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

31. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Teens at Risk for HIV (FACTS) Almost a 1/3 of the 40+ million people living with HIV/AIDS are teens or young adults. AIDS is the 8th leading cause of death in the United States for people between 15 and 24. Chapter 21 Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

32. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Teens at Risk for HIV How do you know if you are at risk of HIV? If you take part in any behavior that could put you at risk, then you are at risk. The only sure way to know if you are infected with HIV is an HIV test. If you think you are at risk, GET TESTED. Chapter 21 Section 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS

33. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

34. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Preventing HIV and AIDS The first step in preventing AIDS is to be educated about HIV and AIDS. The only way to eliminate the risks of HIV and AIDS is to avoid risky behaviors. Chapter 21 Practice abstinence Avoid multiple partners Don’t share needles or other injection equipment Avoid alcohol and illegal drugs Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

35. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Chapter 21 Preventing HIV and AIDS Universal precautions are a set of procedures used to avoid contact with bodily fluids and reduce the risk of spreading HIV and other diseases: Latex gloves Goggles / face shields Gowns Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

36. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Treating HIV and AIDS No cure exists for HIV and AIDS. Treatment can help an infected person survive longer. Drugs for treating HIV: are often not covered by traditional insurance plans can have severe side effects can lose their effectiveness over time are expensive (sometimes >$1,000/month) require diligence and commitment (many pills) Chapter 21 Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

37. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Living with HIV Infection Most HIV-infected people in the early phases can do almost everything they did before they got infected. People infected with HIV must avoid participating in activities that could expose others to HIV. Maintaining good health through treatment, diet, exercise, and rest help delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. Many HIV-infected people become activists for HIV/AIDS prevention or help other infected people. Chapter 21 Section 3 Protecting Yourself from HIV and AIDS

38. Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. End of Chapter 21