1. American Realism UNIT GOAL: Write an expository essay that evaluates how REALIST artists and author’s effectively use ethos, pathos, and/or logos to communicate and support and their ideas about (in)justice. Background paragraph on Realism Gallery Walk on ideas about American (in)justice. The Rhetorical Triangle: Ethos, Pathos, Logos Close Reading and Analysis of rhetorical triangle in Frederick Douglass’s “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass” Close Reading and Analysis of rhetorical triangle and irony in satirical essay, “The Lowest Animal” by Mark Twain.

2. …with “Liberty” and “Justice” for ALL? OBJECTIVE: After CLOSE READING Ambroce Bierce’s short story “Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” & Kate Chopin’s “Story of an Hour,” students will analyze the use of POINT OF VIEW as a feature of PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM to reveal philosophical beliefs about (in)justice. Evidence: Background paragraph Annotations in Dialectical Journal Summary Template Progress Check

3. After reading, the article “Ambroce Bierce’s Civil War” by Jim McWilliams, students will be able to describe the author’s background and explain influence of historical context on his writing and philosophical stance. As you read the article, fill in circle map with important information about the author’s background. Use the following paragraph frame: _______can be described as ______. He was born ________ and spent most of his life________. While ________, he became interested in ________. Additionally, ________________. According to Jim McWilliams, “(____________.” Other influences on his work and philosophical stance include______________________ His writing attempts to ______________ by _______________. Ambroce Bierce

4. What is PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM? Those who write PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM are interested in the inner mind’s workings in relation to environmental forces and events. What features would we look for in a piece of fiction that served as an example of PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM?

5. Literary Focus: How does the author use POINT OF VIEW to communicate THEME? Point of View: the vantage point from which a writer tells a story. It is the ETHOS of the story. You have to trust them in order to follow along. a. Omniscient: Narrator knows everything about all characters or events. b. Objective: Narrator reports without comment but reporting details much like a camera would. c. Third Person Limited: narrator zooms in on thoughts and feelings of a single character.

6. Before you read… 1 st read Set Up for Cornell NOTES ESSENTIAL QUESTION: What does the PLOT and final resolution of Ambrose Bierce’s “Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” reveal about JUSTICE?

7. CORNELL NOTES: Close Reading Questions Who is the narrator? What are his character traits? Identify phrases and descriptions that reveal his character traits. What is the central event introduced in the story’s exposition? What are the causes of the event? Describe the protagonists’ point of view and perspective of the situation. Find specific evidence to support your analysis. What images does Bierce use to reveal Peyton Farquhar’s point of view? Explain their effect on the reader. What is the story’s tone? Identify word patterns that communicate tone. Farquhar dies at the end. Does this conclusion lend itself to ethos, pathos, or logos? What ideas about justice are conveyed by the theme of Ambroce Bierce’s short story?

8. After your 2nd read: Summarize using one of the following frames. What does Bierce reveal about the relationship between JUSTICE and WAR through the events in this short story? Simple: The short story reveals that ____________. Sufficient: According to ______, in the story titled “ ____________” _________________.. Sophisticated: In the short story, “________,” _____ asserts/ proposes/ illustrates_______________.

9. AFTER YOU read… Dialectical Journal Use the dialectical journal to help you identify realist features as your read: Common Characters & Settings: Who is main character? When and where is the story set? Use of the vernacular and regional dialect. Heavy Details Theme contradicts optimist notions of Romantic traditions.

10. COMPLETE SOAPS TEMPLATE TO IDENTIFY AUTHOR’S PURPOSE & CONTEXT

11. COMPLETE SUMMARY TEMPLATE SUMMARIZE ESSAY’s MAIN IDEAS