1. The Rise of Realism The Civil War to 1914 Pages 378-395 Painting:
Home, Sweet Home (1863)
by Winslow Homer

2. Civil War: What do you know?
Why was the war fought? ( )
How was the war fought? What did the fighting look like? ( )
What was the result of the war? (380, 386)
Was any war literature produced? Why or why not? ( )
After the Civil War, what type of writers emerged and what did they write about? (391)

3. Literature During this Period
Short stories, novels, poetry, muckraking journalism
Famous Writers:
Mark Twain
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Stephen Crane
Kate Chopin
Henry James
W.E.D Dubois
Jack London
Willa Cather
The only reason for the existence of a novel is that I does attempt to represent life.
-Henry James

4. R O E Elements of Realism
What type of literature were realists reacting against? R O E
Real-life situations (ethical struggles & social issues)
Ordinary characters & realistic events
Everyday speech patterns are used to reveal class and geographic distinctions (regionalism)
Is realistic literature nonfiction, fiction, or both?
Page 391

5. Psychological Realism
Romanticism
Transcendentalism
Dark Romanticism
Realism
Naturalism
Psychological Realism

6. Elements of Naturalism (an offshoot of realism)
Belief that human behavior is determined by heredity and environment
Sense of life as a losing battle against an uncaring universe
Page

7. “A Mystery of Heroism” (435) by Stephen Cane
What is the author’s style?
Apply ROE
Identify the situational irony
Turn to page 440 “When he came to the wall”: where do you see a naturalistic perspective expressed?

8. Mark Twain “The Lowest Animal” How is this essay a satire?
How is it an example of realism?

9. Psychological Realism: Inside the Human Mind
Look at why ordinary people behave the way they do: character motivation
Look at how social and psychological situations influence behavior
Juxtapose human illusions with the indifference of the universe
Henry James & Stephen Crane & Ambrose Bierce

10. Elements of Naturalism (an offshoot of realism)
Analyze human behavior objectively like a scientist
Belief that human behavior is determined by heredity and environment
Sense that humans cannot control their own destinies
Sense of life as a losing battle against an uncaring universe
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