1. 9.2 Industrializaton Positive and Negative Effects

2. California State Standards 10.3.2- Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison). 10.3.2- Examine how scientific and technological changes and new forms of energy brought about massive social, economic, and cultural change (e.g., the inventions and discoveries of James Watt, Eli Whitney, Henry Bessemer, Louis Pasteur, Thomas Edison). 10.3.3- Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and the growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution. 10.3.3- Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and the growth of cities associated with the Industrial Revolution. 10.3.4- Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement. 10.3.4- Trace the evolution of work and labor, including the demise of the slave trade and the effects of immigration, mining and manufacturing, division of labor, and the union movement.

3. Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution effected every part of life in Great Britain and is considered to be a mixed blessing. The Industrial Revolution effected every part of life in Great Britain and is considered to be a mixed blessing. –GOOD- Industrialization led to a better quality of life –BAD- Industrialization caused human suffering

4. Good Effects People earned higher wages in factories than in farms People earned higher wages in factories than in farms With this money, more people could afford to heat their homes With this money, more people could afford to heat their homes People had better diets People had better diets Wore better clothing Wore better clothing

5. Bad Effects Unhealthy working conditions Unhealthy working conditions Air and water pollution Air and water pollution The problem of child labor The problem of child labor Rise in class tensions Rise in class tensions Unsanitary living conditions Unsanitary living conditions

6. How has industry affected your lives? Negative Outcomes Negative Outcomes –Health problems –Pollution Positive Outcomes Positive Outcomes –Consumer goods –Plenty of jobs

7. Industrialization Changes Life

8. Industrial Cities Rise With all the opportunities, cities swelled with waves of job seekers The growth in the factory system, where the manufacturing of goods was concentrated in a central location, caused this shift. City building and the movement of people to the cities is referred to as urbanization.

9. Population Multiplies Population of England in 1750 6 Million Population of England in 1851 21 Million Population of London in 1750 500,000 Population of London in 1851 3 Million Families in Agriculture in 1750 65% of Population Families in Agriculture in 1851 25% of Population

10. Living Conditions Because England’s cities grew rapidly, they were not prepared for the problems created by urbanization. Because England’s cities grew rapidly, they were not prepared for the problems created by urbanization. They had no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes. They had no development plans, sanitary codes, or building codes.

11. Living Conditions Living conditions were very poor for the working class. Living conditions were very poor for the working class. Most unpaved streets had no drains, and garbage collected on them. Most unpaved streets had no drains, and garbage collected on them. Workers lived in dark shelters, with whole families crowded in one bedroom Workers lived in dark shelters, with whole families crowded in one bedroom Multiple families shared one bathroom Multiple families shared one bathroom Crowded living quarters caused diseases to spread, such as cholera Crowded living quarters caused diseases to spread, such as cholera Lack of police protection Lack of police protection Lack of education Lack of education

12. Working Class Living

13. Tenements

15. Working Conditions To increase production, factory owners wanted to keep their machines running as many hours as possible. To increase production, factory owners wanted to keep their machines running as many hours as possible. As a result, the average worker spent 14 hours a day at the job, 6 days a week. As a result, the average worker spent 14 hours a day at the job, 6 days a week. Work did not change with the seasons, like farming, but was the same week after week, year after year Work did not change with the seasons, like farming, but was the same week after week, year after year

16. Working Conditions Industry also posed new dangers for workers Industry also posed new dangers for workers Factories were poorly lit or clean. Factories were poorly lit or clean. Machines injured workers, as their body parts would get caught in them. Machines injured workers, as their body parts would get caught in them. No government program to provide aid in case of an injury. No government program to provide aid in case of an injury.

17. Women and Child Labor Many women and children were employed in industry because they were the cheapest source of labor. Many women and children were employed in industry because they were the cheapest source of labor. Women and children worked in harsh conditions up to 14 hours a day. Women and children worked in harsh conditions up to 14 hours a day. Families were dependent on the child’s income. Families were dependent on the child’s income.

18. Child Labor

19. Women in the Textile Industry

20. Women at Work

21. Class Tensions Grow

22. Poverty gripped Britain’s working class. Poverty gripped Britain’s working class. However, the Industrial Revolution created enormous wealth in the nation However, the Industrial Revolution created enormous wealth in the nation Factory owners, shippers, and merchants controlled most of this new wealth Factory owners, shippers, and merchants controlled most of this new wealth They were part of a new growing middle class, a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy farmers. They were part of a new growing middle class, a social class made up of skilled workers, professionals, businessmen, and wealthy farmers.

23. Pyramid of British Social Classes 1 2 3 4 Land owners/aristocrats Factory owners, merchants, and shippers, doctors, lawyers, managers Factory overseers, skilled workers Poor city dwellers, child labors, factory workers Upper Class Upper Middle Class Lower Middle Class Lower Working Class

24. Middle Class Before, landowners and aristocrats owned most of the wealth and top positions in Britain’s social structure. Before, landowners and aristocrats owned most of the wealth and top positions in Britain’s social structure. British industrial society consisted of some of the middle class obtaining more wealth and influence than the upper class (landowners and aristocrats). British industrial society consisted of some of the middle class obtaining more wealth and influence than the upper class (landowners and aristocrats). Middle class consisted of government employees, doctors, lawyers, and managers of factories, mines, and shops. Middle class consisted of government employees, doctors, lawyers, and managers of factories, mines, and shops. Lower Middle class consisted of factory overseers, skilled workers such as toolmakers, mechanical drafters, and printers Lower Middle class consisted of factory overseers, skilled workers such as toolmakers, mechanical drafters, and printers

25. Middle Class Living The middle class had nice homes on paved streets, a stable supply of water and fancy clothes. Women stayed home with the children. The middle class had nice homes on paved streets, a stable supply of water and fancy clothes. Women stayed home with the children.

26. Working Class Between 1800 and 1850, the working class saw little improvement in their living and working conditions. Between 1800 and 1850, the working class saw little improvement in their living and working conditions. Machines replaced workers Machines replaced workers –Luddites smashed machines and attacked factories. –Protesting not only the loss of jobs, but the dehumanizing factory conditions.

27. Positive and Negative Effects of the Industrial Revolution

28. Working Conditions Industry created many new jobs Industry created many new jobs Factories were dirty, unsafe, and dangerous Factories were dirty, unsafe, and dangerous Factory bosses exercised harsh discipline Factory bosses exercised harsh discipline Long-Term Effect- Workers won higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions Long-Term Effect- Workers won higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions

29. Social Classes Factory workers were overworked and underpaid Factory workers were overworked and underpaid Overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class. Factory owners and merchants formed upper middle class Overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class. Factory owners and merchants formed upper middle class Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier than they were Upper class resented those in middle class who became wealthier than they were Long-Term Effect- Standard of living rose. Long-Term Effect- Standard of living rose.

30. Size of Cities Factories brought job seekers to cities Factories brought job seekers to cities Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size Urban areas doubled, tripled, or quadrupled in size Many cities specialized in certain industries Many cities specialized in certain industries Long-Term Effect- Suburbs grew as people fled crowded cities. Long-Term Effect- Suburbs grew as people fled crowded cities.

31. Living Conditions Cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls Cities lacked sanitary codes or building controls Housing, water, and social services were scarce Housing, water, and social services were scarce Epidemics swept through the city Epidemics swept through the city Long-Term Effect- Housing, diet, and clothing improved Long-Term Effect- Housing, diet, and clothing improved

32. Closure Which change brought on by the Industrial Revolution had the greatest impact? Which change brought on by the Industrial Revolution had the greatest impact? The Industrial Revolution has been described as a mixed blessing. Do you agree or disagree? Support your answer. The Industrial Revolution has been described as a mixed blessing. Do you agree or disagree? Support your answer.