1. The Purpose of this Unit is to better understand the waves of differences between nationalism and sectionalism that developed early in the 18 th Century and the various reform movements within the nation’s industry and factors that contributed into Westward Expansion

2. Section 1: Regional Economies Create Differences in America (1800-1816)

3.  The Industrial Revolution  Economies of North and South Differ from each other  The Creation of the Cotton Gin and the Effects of It  The Birth of the American System

4.  As a class lets: Open Books to page 227 or Chapter 7  Lets read over the Witness History together  Turn to Section 1, read the Witness History alone  What did he learn from this?  This is a Primary Source  Your Textbook is a Secondary Source

5.  - All major cities in the newly formed United States were set up near harbors and rivers on the Atlantic Coast for the easy transport of goods  Transport of goods by land could cost up to twice as much than by water

6.  In an effort to improve this method of travel by dirt roads, certain states within the original 13 colonies hired companies to create “Turnpikes”  Turnpike – Government funded highway for which users pay a toll

7.  Picture of NJ Turnpike

8.  These turnpikes failed to gain profit and improve road condition  As a result, the only decent route left for travelers was the National Road  National Road – Made of crushed rock, extended from Maryland to West Virginia as primary means for the quickest travel in the early 19 th century America

9.  Picture of National Road

10.  The first major advancement in transportation of goods  Picture of Steam Boat   Invented by Robert Fulton

11.  Turn to page 229, Lets Read the Second Paragraph in  In short, we learn that the Steamboat made it easier to travel upstream against the current, and cut total transportation down by over 75% than traditional ships or horse and carriage

12.  Canals were important to the Northeast because they linked farmers to cities.  Able to sell and export products to other countries through a canal, out of a harbor or port, and across the Atlantic Ocean.  The best known canal of the time was the Erie Canal:  This canal ran from Lake Erie in NY State to the Hudson River

14.  Before the creation of canals:  It would take up to $100 dollars to ship one ton of freight through channels and rivers  After – It dropped to measly $4  Lets read the 4 th paragraph in to a Primary source on page 229

16.  Easily becomes the best way to transport goods by land  Technology was first invented in Great Britain  Horses pulled the first American Train  However, the advancement in technology power through Steam, soon became the clear choice  ( Could pull heavier freight for longer periods of time)

17.  Trains moved faster than ships and carried more weight than using a Canal for transport  Within 30 years from 1830-1860:  -30,000 miles of track was laid out  Again, lets read the last paragraph on page 230

18.  What did the major transportation developments have in common with each other?  - Faster Travel  - Effected higher populations being able to reach those who ere in cities  - More cost effective  - Wider range of supplies and goods to be shipped

19.  Where were Railroads most common in the country and why? (Refer to map on page 230)  - More population in cities  (Boston Harbor, Newport R.I., Chicago to Detroit, Buffalo to NYC, Philadelphia to Balt.  South was just not as populated as North  - Had only 3 major cities to export from - Richmond Virg., Charelston S.C., Savannah Georgia) Rise of Plantations and especially slave labor, would come in to play a major role

20.  What were the major developments in transportation for the first half of the 19 th century?  - Canals  - Railroads  - Improvement of the National Road  - Turnpikes first created  - Steam Technology

21.  Primary source of income in America before the I.R. was: international trade (shipping and receiving goods with Europe)  These goods were (Grain, tobacco, cotton, iron, textile, cloth)  These goods were grown on both large/small plantations and farms  Plantation: A large estate on which cotton, tobacco, coffee, sugar cane, or the like is cultivated, usually by laborers or slaves

22.  The Embargo Act of 1807 (created by Thomas Jefferson during his presidency)  The War of 1812: British Navy blockades the entire east coast of America. (New England trade centers literally shut down)

23.  Lets turn in our books to again, read about what the Industrial Revolution was and how our society wouldn’t be what it was today without it.  Page in Book 230 and 231 - Industrial Growth - The First Textile Mill - Factory Work Changes Lives  Foreshadowing: Do you think Industrial Revolution will be an effective change, why or why not? Technology Changes American Culture Forever

25.  Industrial Revolution: A major Social and Economic change, as machines replaced hand tools and the factory system developed  The Factory System: Power-Driven Machinery with laborers assigned to different tasks  Factories become the new centers of industry (Not located on farms, mills, or small shops any longer in the North)

26.  made Mass Production Possible (Production of goods on a very large scale)

27. Hoboken,NJ

29.  Started taking ideas of industry and the factory system from Great Britain  Textile factories are born in Boston  Textile Factories – Factories that made clothing goods quickly by weaving machines. Women primarily worked as weavers. Beforehand, everything was hand-woven.  Many people flock to urban cities to work for these factories (Result: Major population boom )

30.  What changes occurred in the United States with rise of industry in the early 19 th Century? - Technological Advancement - Factory Workers and Mass Production through machinery - Women in the workplace - Immigration comes with job and economic increase

31.  The only way these factories could be efficient was through the use of interchangeable parts for machines.  Inventor Eli Whitney introduced the idea that: - Similar components or (parts), for every machine could increase work productivity if the machines were to break down. For example, a part for a rifle to work would become “interchangeable” and therefore, easier to maintain.

32.  Section 1 Assessment – Page 232 Questions 2, 4, 5, and 6

34.  Eli Whitney’s Invention of the cotton gin in 1793 changed America forever.  Cleaned the seeds from the cotton. Turned it into a cash-crop  Great Demand in Great Britain and the North (Remember Climate Differences)

38.  Poor farmers claim land west of the Appalachian Mountains  These farmers put massive amounts of slaves to work on one plantation (Sometimes up to 200-300)  This creates the Cotton Kingdom (Louisiana, Miss., Alabama)

41.  By 1808: Slave importation from Africa is outlawed in America  Cotton production and slave population increase exactly parallel.  (Example: 1790-1810, cotton bales per year grow from 3,000 to 180,000 - At the same time, total population of slaves increases 500,000 in 20 years! 1808 – The last 250,000 are imported (1.2mill in total)

43.  As the North and South differed, a plant to unify the country suddenly became important  President James Madison (4 th ) – Proposes the plan to Congress  Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) gives the plan a title

44.  Construction of the National Road begins to increase business opportunities  These roads were called “turn-pikes) where a toll would be charged for passing through  Connects Maryland to Illinois.  Construction of the Erie Canal took 8 years. (Connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie or NY to Michigan – About 300 miles)

45.  The creation of the National Bank gives America one type of currency.  This makes it much easier to do business  “Era of Good Feelings”  Samuel F.B. Morse – Improves technological communication

46.  1. How might the United States have been different if transportation had not advanced during the 1800’s?  2. How was the idea and development of interchangeable parts an example of the move to make work “less skilled” going into the early 19 th century? Is this a legacy of today?