1. Drawing and Painting Final Exam Study Guide Fall 2011

2. Movements and Styles in Art History

3. Color Field Painting is a painting style created in the early sixties that relies on flat fields of color. Helen Frankenthaler Mark Rothko The Bay, 1963 Blue, Orange, Red, 1961

4. Bridget Riley Fall is a style of art that confuses the visual senses by generating optical vibrations. Op Art

5. Abstract Expressionism also known as action painting, is a 20 th century style of art that features large scale works of expression through slashing active brush strokes. Jackson Pollock Full Fathom Five Willem De Kooning Woman I

6. Dada is the art movement that emerged as an artistic protest of traditional art forms through the creation of nonsense art.

7. Contemporary Art is the term that refers to the art of today Jim Dime

8. Surrealism is the style of art that is based on the unconscious, and depicts what is normally experienced in dreams.

9. Abstraction is the style of art that has a specific subject matter, but the elements of art are simplified, changed or exaggerated.

10. Funk Art is a style of art that combines collage and assemblage techniques, and the subject matter is often humorous. Joan Brown, Funk Artist

11. New Realism is the style of art that represents photographic reality. Chuck Close used the TECHNIQUE of grid enlargement to create these photo realistic portraits.

12. Fauvism is an art movement that expressed freedom, and used vivid, violent color and extreme brushstrokes. In French, the meaning is “wild beasts”.

13. Jasper Johns, Flag Johns often featured targets, numbers, the American Flag and maps of the United States in his version of Pop Art.

14. Pop Art is a 1960’s movement that made fun of mass production of everyday objects. Andy Warhol was a major factor in creating this movement, however other artists such as WAYNE THIEBAUD made his name in pop culture, as well. His most well known subject matter is food. “Cakes” “Hot Dog Row”

15. Cubism is the movement that depicts the subject matter broken apart, and reassembled into an abstract style and emphasizes geometric shapes.

16. Minimalism is depicted as flat and opaque drawings and paintings. It excludes expressive content and has no psychological meaning Ellsworth Kelly

17. Fantasy Art Marc Chagall, I and the Village explores and visualizes the human imagination Marc Chagall, Birthday

18. THE ELEMENTS of aRT

19. Techniques with LINE Outline Blind Contour Contour Linear Perspective Cross-hatching Calligraphy

20. Value The lightness or darkness of a surface. Highlights and Shadows on surfaces. Chiaroscuro: a term referring to high contrast in light and dark values

21. Shape Two-dimensional, enclosed flat space Geometric: man-made Organic: found in nature

22. Form Three-dimensional, enclosed volume, like a cube, cylinder, or sphere.

23. Space Positive Space: the object Negative Space: surrounding area Foreshortening: a technique used by artists to shorten an object to make it look as if it extends backward into space Foreground, Middle ground, and Background are overlapping sections of a picture plan.

24. Texture The way a surface feels (tactile texture) or appears to feel (visual texture).

25. Color The element of art derived from reflected light. Hues: Color names such as red, blue Pigment: the powdered substance (whether natural or chemical) that determines the hue of paints, crayons, chalks, and inks Intensity or saturation: Brightness or dullness (bright- Pink; dull-Maroon Value: Lightness or darkness (light–Sky Blue dark-Navy Blue)

26. Color Harmonies Primary Colors: basis for all colors in existence – Red – Blue – Yellow Secondary Colors: created by mixing primary colors together – Orange – Green – Violet

27. Intermediate Colors Red-Orange Yellow-Orange Blue-green Colors made by mixing a primary color with a secondary color

28. Analogous Colors Three colors next to each other on the color wheel comprise an analogous color scheme. – In an analogous color scheme, usually one color is dominant and the others secondary in importance.

29. Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are considered to be Complimentary Colors complementary colors Complementary color schemes are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand out. Complimentary Colors

30. Monochromatic A color scheme that uses one color plus it’s tints and shades

31. Warm Colors are the colors of fire These hues are said to advance or appear to come forward, making the walls and objects feel closer. – Yellow – Red – Orange

32. Cool Colors are colors with calming effects. Cool colors appear smaller than warm colors and they visually recede on the page so red can visually overpower and stand out over blue even if used in equal amounts. – Blue – Green – Violet

33. Neutrals usually means without color ◦ Browns (i.e. beige, taupe, ivory, etc.) ◦ Black ◦ White ◦ Gray ◦ Neutrals are used to create values of a color or tone

34. Shades: Any color plus black Tints: Any color plus white

35. The Principles of Design

36. Georgia O’Keeffe Balance The principle of design that refers to the arrangement of visual elements to create stability in an artwork. There are three kinds: symmetrical (formal), asymmetrical (informal), and radial

37. Francisco Goya A political statement emphasis The principle of design uses opposing sizes, shapes, contrasting colors, or other means to place greater attention on certain areas, objects, or feelings in artwork

38. Edvard Munch (Expressionist) Movement The principle of design, associated with rhythm, which refers to the arrangement of parts in an artwork that creates a sense of motion to the viewer's eye through the work

39. Piet Mondrian Rhythm The principle of design in an artwork that indicates a type of movement, often characterized by repeated shapes, lines or colors

40. Andy Warhol (Pop Art) Pattern The principle of design that refers to the repetition of elements, or combinations of elements, in a recognizable organization.

41. Mark Rothko Non-Objective: Art that has no recognizable subject matter Contrast The principle of design that refers to differences between elements such as color, texture, value and shape

42. Jacob Lawrence Unity Unity is the sense of wholeness in an artwork, when it works together and looks like it all fits.

43. Subject Matter is what your art is about.

44. Narrative Is an art work where the subject matter tells a story.

45. Still Life Janet Fish, Sequins is an arrangement of inanimate objects.

46. Social Commentaries are arts of work that contains visual statements about and the world. Juane Quick-to-see

47. Religious Subjects Are works of art that visually create any religious figure from any religion.

48. Portraiture Andrew Wyeth, Braids is drawing or painting that features the face or full-figure of a person, persons, or sometimes animals.

49. Genre is the term for paintings or drawings that represent subjects or scenes from everyday life

50. Art Mediums and Techniques Graphite pencils range from light to dark values. 2H pencils are hard lead and are light valued. B pencils are softer lead. The number before the B indicates the darkness of the lead. The higher the number, the darker the value. Fixative is used on some art works to insure permanence and to prevent fading or smearing. Solvents are used to thin the paint to an easy brushing consistency. Pastels are often referred to as painting medium, though it is dry.

51. Collage is the technique where materials, such as paper, or cloth, are glued to a background. Foreshortening is the method of representing objects or parts of objects as if they are seen at an angle and receding into space instead of being seen from a strictly frontal or profile view. Tempura is the water based paint in which egg yolk is used as a vehicle. Stippling is the drawing or painting technique that is created by applying many tiny dots. Canvas is the painting surface is woven fiber and is usually stretched on a wood frame. Acrylic paint is the medium that dries very quickly and adheres to most surfaces. The pigments are mixed with a plastic emulsion binder to form this medium.

52. Watercolor paint has gum arabic as a binder and water as a vehicle. Foreground is the space in an art work that is closest to the viewer. Graded wash is the technique that refers to thin or transparent paint that gradually increases or decreases in intensity. Figure-ground is the imaginary flat surface which the artist uses as a visual reference. Binder is a liquid that is ground with dry pigment and holds it in suspension while allowing it to flow. Gesture is the technique of drawing that emphasizes direction and movement and generally portrays the human form. Rigger is a type of brush used to create fine lines and details.

53. Charcoal is a drawing medium is made by burning all the organic matter from twigs or sticks. Impasto is a technique that uses thick layers of paint that can be applied with a palette knife or a bristle brush. Hatching is a technique that uses parallel lines to create shading. Underpainting is the technique of blocking in main shapes with thin layers of paint to organize the composition before adding color and details.. A Wash is when any wet media is diluted with water to make it lighter in value and more transparent. Wax is the binder in prismacolor pencils. Hot press watercolor paper has a rough surface.

54. Careers in ART Art Therapist – type of artist may be trained to help the emotionally disabled as part of a team headed by a psychiatrist. This person must be both an artist and a practitioner to fulfill the functions which lie within the range of this profession. Graghic Artist – is type of artist designs packages and advertisements. Medical Illustrator – is an art career requires an artist to have a detailed knowledge of human anatomy, as well as the ability to render perfectly accurate drawings. Illustrator – is a type of artist creates drawings or diagrams for printed materials.