1. Improve power reliability through small-scale SCADA systems James Formea Eaton Corporation May 16, 2016

2. Presenter introduction James Formea – Engineering Manager, Control Systems & Technology Eaton Cooper Power Systems Division – BSEE, Marquette University – IEEE Member – Primary focus areas include communications, automation, and cybersecurity

3. Overview Small-scale SCADA systems – Can provide increased efficiency, visibility, and system reliability – Are more cost-effectively deployable than some may believe – Can be implemented to be modular and scalable to meet a variety of operational requirements

4. What is SCADA? “Supervisory control and data acquisition” – Remote control and data retrieval/monitoring In-substation and pole-line devices – Communicating IEDs – Supporting communications architecture – Gateway devices “The back room” – Server – Software – HMI platform

5. Why implement SCADA? Who can benefit? – Utilities large and small IOU, cooperative, and municipal – Do you have 1 or more substation? Features vs price – Functionality – Accessibility – Historical data – Analysis

6. Why implement SCADA? System reliability and power quality – Trending – data for protection studies, load flow analysis – Proactive identification of system issues – load alarms, sequence coordination notification, etc – SAIDI, SAIFI, MAIFI, and CAIFI relief Visibility – Troubleshooting system issues – recurring issues – Direction of crews post-event

7. Why implement SCADA? Safety – Arc flash – operate from outside the fence – Security – notification of unauthorized access, cu theft, etc. – Alarms – device trouble and/or failures Efficiency – Minimize full-line-patrols – Direct resources where they are actually needed – Remote device access Configuration management Interrogation

8. Why NOT implement SCADA? “Who’s going to build it?” – Design – Implementation “Who’s going to maintain it?” – Routine operation – Regular maintenance / updates “SCADA is too expensive!” – Equipment obsolescence – Entire system vs. modular pay-as-you-go approach

9. Why NOT implement SCADA? “It’s too hard!” – New technologies and software to learn – Unfamiliarity with applicable standards – Lack of internal expertise “We don’t need it.” … “Our G&T supplies it…” … And the list goes on…

10. Any utility can benefit Today‘s SCADA solutions are more flexible and modular than ever before – Utilities of any size can realize benefits – Solutions can scale from a single substation to tens or hundreds... – Features from single substation one-line diagram to full system visualization and remote operation In many cases, the key to successful deployment may be vendor and/or integrator partnership

11. Solutions of all sizes Single substation visualization

12. Solutions of all sizes Multi-substation visualization

13. Solutions of all sizes Multi-substation visualization plus traditional SCADA software interfaces (HMI, logging, trending…) Server

14. Planning for success Requirements gathering is key! – What are the operational goals/needs? – Single substation or entire system? – Mobile device and/or web-based access to one-line diagram? – Desktop PC-based alarming, trending, logging? – Remote native vendor tool (configuration software) access? – Sharing of operational data with others – G&T utility? – Security concerns – NERC CIP, other standards? – Leverage of communications for other applications – access control, security cameras, etc.?

15. Planning for success Requirements gathering is key! – What is feasible? Infrastructure buildout – radio systems, fiber, etc.? IT Staff to support servers, software, etc. (if needed)? Does offsite hosting alleviate any burden? Any existing systems that can be leveraged?

16. A Proposed turn-key approach Assemble the team – Sales engineer (commercial contact) – Application engineer (power system controls) – Automation engineer (platform expert) – Communications engineer (networking/comms expert) – Most importantly, the appropriate utility stakeholders Define the process – Initial inquiry – Gather requirements – Assess current systems – Propose solution(s) – Plan, implement, and train Well-qualified turn-key partners have the expertise, experience, and product portfolio to design, implement, and support end-to-end systems to meet your requirements.

17. Case Study #1 Customer problem statement: “I need to be able to access system-wide loading information from our system of five substations using a mobile device after hours. It would be also be nice to replace our very old SCADA display in the office.” Summarized requirements: Should use existing communications infrastructure (broadband WiFi-like system connecting substations) Should use as much existing equipment as possible Must support legacy Cooper 2179 and Modbus protocols Must provide a web-based operator interface for monitoring and basic remote control; interface must be mobile device friendly Must provide a means for data trending and analysis as well as an operator interface to replace current legacy SCADA system in office

18. Challenges: “Opportunities”: Legacy SCADA system did not fully implement 2179 protocol per spec; customer didn’t know what wasn’t working in existing system Existing radio system suffered from intermittent fading and other misc. signal issues that had not previously been attributed to the radio system Existing system was designed and implemented by staff who had moved out of the organization, leaving very little documentation Case Study #1

19. Implemented solution: Data explorer tool for trending and data analysis HMI software tool for SCADA replacement Centralized hardware-based communications gateway and web server with single-line diagram Cellular modem provisioned into a carrier private network connected to communications gateway Cellular hotspot provisioned into same carrier private network for tablet and laptop access web-based single-line diagram Case Study #1

20. Value added by turn-key project partner: Automation and communications engineers with extensive experience in legacy protocols provided advanced troubleshooting and implementation services Communications engineers provided customer with immediate recommendations to improve radio communications Communications engineers participated directly in discussions with cellular carrier to ensure success based on prior experience and application knowledge Case Study #1

21. Customer problem statement: “We want to have our own SCADA system – right now, only our G&T has access to our devices’ data. We don’t have any SCADA expertise, but we want to learn; our IT services are third-party contracted. We know we can’t afford fiber, but we don’t know what our other options are.” Summarized requirements: Should provide an easy-to-understand system overview, likely in the form of a one-line diagram Should allow for sharing of system loading information with the G&T utility, utilizing the existing communications channel Must provide a means for data trending and analysis as well as an operator interface to replace current legacy SCADA system in office Solution may include auxiliary demand metering for some locations Case Study #2

22. Opportunities: No existing owned communications infrastructure available; an end-to-end solution must be proposed Customer desires heavy involvement in the design and implementation processes; design should consider customer’s expertise and desired layout for serviceability G&T SCADA provider uses leased lines to gather substation meter data; new system must provide this data directly, bypassing leased lines Customer’s IT operations are outsourced; third-party IT consultants must be involved as part of the project team to ensure smooth implementation Case Study #2

23. Implemented solution: Local small form factor communications gateway in each substation Ethernet switch and cellular modem in each substation Centralized communications gateway in back office to aggregate field data and allow G&T to access demand metering information Data explorer tool for trending and data analysis HMI software tool for operator interface Line-mounted communicating current sensors for demand monitoring Case Study #2

24. Value added by turn-key project partner: Communications engineers conducted analytical communications study to evaluate radio, fiber, and cellular paths to maximize customer value Automation engineers conducted on-site commissioning to include training of utility personnel in use and modification of the system Partner managed commissioning activities including work completed by partner, the utility, and utility’s IT contractor, minimizing utility’s labor costs while leveraging partner’s project management and implementation expertise Case Study #2

25. Flexible solutions to meet any need Small-scale SCADA deployments to date have included: Web-based tablet-driven system access Multi-user client-server software based system access Integration with offsite third-party data and server hosting providers Virtualized and physical server software implementation Construction of point-to-multipoint radio networks Buildout of private cellular networks to support SCADA and automation Design of fiber topologies for point-to-point and ring applications Legacy SCADA protocol integration and conversion Interfacing of existing alarm annunciators, PLCs, and meters to new automation platforms

26. Qualifying turnkey partners – Experience with real-world deployments Hardware and software integration experience Power system application knowledge Familiarity with utility practices for on-site work – Financially sound Protection of the utility’s investment in goods and services Established solution families and products with multi-generational roadmaps – References for projects of similar scope and scale – Factory/site acceptance testing capabilities Well-qualified turn-key partners have the expertise, experience, and product portfolio to design, implement, and support end-to-end systems to meet your requirements.

27. Conclusions Utilities large and small can realize reliability and efficiency benefits through implementation of scalable, modular, and flexible small-scale SCADA systems. – SAIDI, SAIFI, MAIFI, and CAIDI are all positively impacted through increased power system visibility and remote control operation capability. Qualification and selection of a turn-key implementation partner can help ensure successful project deployment and expedite implementation. Software and hardware solutions are available to meet most operational/functional requirements, with options to fit most budgets. Non-traditional communications means such as cellular broadband can enable rapid deployment of basic SCADA and more advanced automation systems with minimized capital infrastructure investment.

28. James Formea Engineering Manager – Control Systems & Technology Eaton Cooper Power Systems Division jamesdformea@eaton.com www.eaton.com/cooperpowerseries jamesdformea@eaton.com www.eaton.com/cooperpowerseries