1. Early Beginnings – The Greeks Aristotle – 300 BC – Theorized about: Learning and Memory Motivation and Emotion Perception and Personality But, not very accurate One theory: Meals make us sleepy by causing gas and heat to collect around the source of our personality – the heart

2. Early Beginnings – The Church God and spirituality described behavior. Battle to know God: Sin and Good

3. Early Beginnings – The Revolution Rene Descartes 1596-1650 “I think, therefore I am.”

4. Psychology today Psychologists today, pick and choose from different schools of thought to help understand the brain and behavior. First, let’s talk about the parts of the brain...

5. Neuroscience (Biological) Perspective All of your feelings and behaviors have an organic root. In other words, they come from your brain, body chemistry, neurotransmitters, etc… How body and brain create emotions, memories, and sensory experiences…

6. Psychodynamic Perspective Focuses on the unconscious mind. We repress many of our true feelings and are not aware of them. In order to get better, we must bring forward the true feelings we have in our unconscious.

7. Behavioral Perspective Focuses on observable behaviors while putting feelings to the side. We behave in ways because we have been conditioned to do so. To change behaviors, we have to recondition the client.

8. Cognitive Perspective Focuses on how we think (or encode information) How do we see the world? How did we learn to act to sad or happy events? Cognitive Therapist attempt to change the way you think.

9. Social-Cultural Perspective Says that much of your behavior and your feelings are dictated by the culture you live in. Some cultures kiss each other when greeting, some just bow. Does your culture place value on individual or the group?

10. Evolutionary Perspective Darwinian Natural selection applied to behavior Traits that helped us survive remain Can be studied across all humans

11. Humanistic Perspective An individual's behavior is connected to his inner feelings and self-image. Each person is unique and individual, and has the free will to change at any time in his or her lives. We are each responsible for our own happiness and well-being as humans

12. Clinical Psychology Study of treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health

13. Approaches to Psychological Research Cautions – Hindsight bias: “Life is lived forwards, but understood backwards.” Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) – Overconfidence: Order–vs –Chaos – People tend to perceive order in random events Scientific method – Theory - Hypothesis (testable prediction) - Research and Observation Case Study – depth not breadth Survey – breadth not depth – Wording, sample, randomness, Naturalistic Observation Laboratory Observation/experimentation

14. Correlation Positive / Negative Degree to which two factors are related (predict the presence of the other) Correlation does not equal causation

15. The Players Developmental Psychology – Jean Piaget : Childhood development Behavioral Psychology – Ivan Pavlov : Classical conditioning – B.F. Skinner: Operant conditioning Psychodynamics – Sigmund Freud – Erik Erickson – Carl Jung

16. The Players Cognitive Psychology – Wilhelm Wundt Humanist Psychology – Carl Rogers – Abraham Maslow