1. Trade Networks of Africa and Asia

2.  Recognize the definition of religion  Interpret examples of how cultures adapt to or change the environment

3.  I can recognize the definition of religion.  I can give examples of how cultures adapt to or change the economy.

4. First Global Age = the long- distance trade and travel that grew in Africa, the Middle East, and Asia in the 1400s

5.  By the 1500’s, a complex trade network linked Europe, Asia, and Africa.

6.  Spices  Silks  Gems

7.  Emerged on the Arabia Peninsula in the 600’s.  Founder- the Prophet, Muhammad  Muhammad taught there is only one true God (Monotheism)  Followers of Islam are known as Muslims  The sacred book of Islam is the Quran

8.  Arab scholars made advances in mathematics, medicine, and astronomy.  Developed Algebra  Measured the size of earth  Said Earth was a sphere (rounded shape)  Built ships with large triangular sails that allowed captains to use the wind even if it changed direction

9.  European traders sailed throughout the eastern Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea to bring home cedar logs, silver, and horses.  They traded for ivory, spices, copper, and cattle

10. Arabia Definition: Center of trade routes connecting the Mediterranean world with Asia and Africa.

11. Caravans = groups of people who traveled together for safety

12. Silk Road = The Central Asian routes linking China and the Middle East

13. Quran (Koran) = Holy book of Islam

14. Islam = religion that emerged in the 600s in Arabia with Muhammad as the founder

15. African Middle Kingdoms Rich cultures such as Mali, Ghana, and Songhai were at the center of the trade routes between North and West Africa. They were rich in gold, ivory, iron, and slaves.

16. City-State = A large town that has its own government and controls the surrounding countryside.

17. Mansa Musa = Mali’s famous Muslim ruler

18. Timbuktu = Major trading center for Mali and Songhai

19.  Most powerful: Zimbabwe  (Towers of Great Zimbabwe)  Chief trading center: Kilwa Began to appear about A.D. 1000

20. Mali  Most famous ruler – Mansa Musa  1324 – Mansa Musa made a pilgrimage to Mecca Songhai  Most powerful kingdom in West Africa in 1400s  Major city - Timbuktu

21.  First major trade Center- Ghana ◦ traded for gold and salt ◦ Rulers of Ghana became rich  Ghana began to weaken because of shifting trade routes  The Empire of Mali took over Ghana

22.  Mansa Musa- The ruler of Mali when it was at it’s greatest as an empire  Merchants in Mali traded for kola nuts, food, and gold  Timbuktu- became a city of great learning  Nomads capture Timbuktu in 1433  Timbuktu is replaced by Songhai (1468)

23.  Highways, canals, postal system links China together  China’s empire expanded and so did trade  Hangzhou- one of the world’s largest cities by the 1200’s

24. Chapter 2, Section 3  China was ruled by an emperor.  An emperor who came to power in 1402 was eager for trade. He ordered a fleet of more than 300 ships to be built. The fleet was commanded by Admiral Zheng He.  Zheng He made seven voyages. His fleet traded in Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, and East Africa.  After Zheng He’s death in 1435, China’s overseas voyages abruptly ended. No one is sure why.

25.  1050- Chinese invents printing with movable type  Made advances in Navigation (the science of locating the position and plotting the course of ships  Invented magnetic compass

26.  Chinese explorer  Made several voyages with a fleet of more than 300 giant ships  Fleet visited 30 nations throughout Asia and Africa  Traded silks and pottery for spices, gems, medicinal herbs, and ivory

27.  A display at that compares the size of ships used by Zheng He and by Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus  Zheng He’s ships were much larger.

28.  The Silk Road ◦ Trade route ◦ 5,000 miles long ◦ Connected Xi’an in China to Persia ◦ Merchants brought silk and other goods. ◦ Traded for Cloves, nutmeg, and peppercorns along the way

29. Silk Road