1. The pronunciation of –ed in English

2. 2 General rule The past simple and past participle of all regular verbs in English end in –ed. Base verbPast simplePast participle workworked

3. 3 How do we pronounce –ed? There are 3 ways. / t // d / / ɪd /

4. 4 If the base verb ends in the sounds / t / or / d /. want wanted /’ wontɪd/ need needed /’ni:d ɪd/ Note it is the last sound that is important, not the letter or spelling. complete completed /k ǝ m’pli:t ɪd/

5. 5 / t / If the base verb ends in one of the following unvoiced sounds: / p / stop stopped /stopt/ / k / walk walked /w ɔ:kt/ / f / laugh laughed /l ɑ :ft/ / s / pass passed /p ɑ :st/ / ʃ / wash washed /wo ʃ t/ / ʧ /watch watched /wot ʃ t/

6. 6 / d / If the verb base ends in all other sounds, which are voiced: call called /k ɔ :ld/ phone phoned /f ə ʊ nd/ live lived /l ɪ vd/ play played /pleid/ try tr y ed tried /traid/

7. 7 Reunion (1) booked invited received travelled tried visited watched Put the verbs in the gaps.

8. 8 Reunion (2) called greeted landed looked reached spotted started

9. 9 Reunion ( & 3) appeared hugged kissed smiled wanted Check your answers by listening to the story here.listening to the story here

10. Pronouncing the verbs 10 Now group the verbs according to the pronunciation of –ed: appeared, booked, called, greeted, hugged, invited, kissed, landed, looked, reached, received, smiled, spotted, started, travelled, tried, visited, wanted, watched / t / / d / / ɪ d /

11. 11 Pronouncing the verbs (key) Now group the verbs according to the pronunciation of –ed: appeared, booked, called, greeted, hugged, invited, kissed, landed, looked, reached, received, smiled, spotted, started, travelled, tried, visited, wanted, watched / t // d / / ɪ d / appearedbooked called greeted hugged invited kissed landed looked reached received spotted started smiled travelled tried visited wanted watched