Baltimore Polytechnic Institute December 19, 2011 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Objectives: Describe the consequences for both sides of the North’s defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run. Outline Union’s original military strategy and how Lincoln was forced to adjust it during the course of the War. Explain the critical importance of the failed Peninsula Campaign and the Battle of Antietam in changing the Civil War from a limited war for the Union into a total war against slavery. AP Focus In the early stages of the war, Lincoln is disappointed with the performance of his generals, especially those who commanded the eastern Army of the Potomac. General George McClellan, who despite abundant resources at his disposal and an army larger than his foe’s, fails to capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederacy, in The war provides both free blacks and runaway slaves the opportunity to take part in a personal crusade to destroy slavery. Over 180,000 black men serve in the Union army.

CHAPTER THEMES The Civil War, begun as a limited struggle over the Union, eventually became a total war to end slavery and transform the nation. After several years of seesaw struggle, the Union armies under Ulysses Grant finally wore down the Southern forces under Robert E. Lee and ended the Confederate bid for independence, as well as the institution of slavery.

Election Charts 1852, 1856, 1860, finished today in class Decades Chart 1850’s-Due NOW Civil War Chart and 1860’s Decade Chart Due on Wed Have Chapter 21 read by today 5 question quiz tomorrow, not today

Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War Formed in late 1861 radical Republicans questioned expanse of Presidential power emancipation Northern Democrats Douglas died and the party splintered Copperheads-obstructed the war draft, Lincoln, emancipation The man without a country Clement L. Vallandigham-Ohio Congressman convicted by a military tribunal for treasonable utterances

Republicans/Union Lincoln Incorporated War Democrats Andrew Johnson-shore up War Democrats 212 Electoral Votes Democrats McClellan Copperheads Peace Democrats 21 Electoral Votes 45% of popular vote

Wilderness Campaign May/June 1864-wilderness of VA Grant would attack simultaneously so the enemy could not help one another Grant had 50,000 casualties Lee had 25,000 casualties Cold Harbor-7,000 casualties in 7 minutes Rate loss Lee1 to 5 Grant 1 to 10 Lee resorted to defensive positions due to fewer men- trenches February 1865-C.S.A. attempted to negotiate for peace Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Lee surrenders to Grant

April 14, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is shot while watching a play at Ford’s Theater in D.C. Our American Cousin Died at the top of his fame Not viewed as great at the time of his death Many Confederates cheered Rumored that Jefferson Davis plotted the assassination Would Lincoln have suffered the same fate as Andrew Johnson?

John Wilkes Booth was not the only assassin that night Lewis Powell and George Atzerodt Powell planned to kill Secretary of State Seward and Vice-President Johnson Seward was attacked and Johnson’s would-be assassin lost his nerve and left D.C. Booth knew the play, since he performed it and waited for laughter to shoot the fatal shot Jumped to the stage, broke his leg and shouted “Thus always to tyrants” and “The South is avenged” Booth died on April 26 after he was discovered by Union soldiers and died that night Powell and Atzerdot sentenced in a military tribunal to be hung

600,000 died in action or disease Over 1,000,000 total casualties $15 billion in total costs English Reform Bill of 1867-when Britain became a true democracy.

 Begin reading Chapter 22  Work on Charts.