Urban Patterns We will survive

North American Cities CBD – the nucleus – Mostly commercial – Densely concentrated Zone in transition or transition zone – Mixed land uses – Warehouse, small factories, workshops, specialized stores, apartments, housing projects – It’s in transition because it is often changing Residential neighborhoods – Workers – Residential – Commuters

What problems are cities facing? Fiscal problems Infrastructure problems Poverty and decay

European Cities Much older, so they have gone through a lot more change Core, plazas, symbolism, etc. Low skylines Lively downtowns Neighborhood stability Municipal socialism – Public transit, social housing

Latin-American City Model A good example of many cities that you will find in the developing world Market/CBT Commercial spine surrounded by elite residential area Housing gets worse as you get farther from the center

Islamic Cities The city itself is very attached to the culture Jami - the city’s principal mosque – Usually in the middle – For worship and education and trade Gates around city Bazaars and street markets Privacy

Cities of the periphery Overpopulation Poverty Underemployment (different than unemployment– they have work, just not enough) Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Mumbai, Jakarta, Dhaka, Manila

Edge City: nodal concentration of shopping and office space on the outside of a metropolis area – AKA suburban downton, galactic city, urban village – It is different from a suburb because it is a place of work (people can still live there though)

Cities Megalopolis: Boston to D.C. – Great lakes region – Coastal California – Canadian “core” Most future urban growth will occur in low to middle-income countries Megacities haven’t grown as quickly as predicted The term hinterland was used to describe the area surrounding the population center

Economics Basic sector: Jobs performed for areas outside of the city. They “export” stuff and bring money in to the community Non-basic sector: Jobs performed for the city’s residents. New money isn’t generated, it just moves around. These jobs help the internal function of the city. Multiplier effect: A city’s employment and population grow with the addition of non-basic workers and dependents as a supplement to the new basic employment – The more non-basic workers a city has, the more non-basic workers are needed to support them

World Cities London, New York, Tokyo Control points for international production Each major world city is linked to other, primary and secondary world cities Rank-size rule Network city- two or more previously independent cities cooperate so that they can have quick transportation and communication to make things easier – Hong Kong and Guangzhou, China – Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague – Not one in the U.S. yet

Models and Patterns Concentric Zone Model Sector Model Multiple-nuclei Model Peripheral Model – Focus on the peripheral belt around the outside of the city that connects all the city functions How do social patterns affect cities? – Social status – Family status – Ethnicity

Gentrification: The rehabilitation of housing in the oldest, deteriorating parts of the inner-city Urban Sprawl: Progressive spreading Greenbelt: Rings of open space Smart growth: Limiting urban sprawl and preserving farmland

A very quick look at Chapter 14 Resource Issues

Resources Renewable Nonrenewable Resources are not distributed evenly

Pollution Global warming Pollution

Reuse of Resources Biomass Hydroelectric power Solar energy Recycling

Why do we care? Sustainable development – “Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”

The books I used… Rubenstein, Jame M. The Cultural Landscape. Boston: Prentice Hall, Fellmann, Djelland, Getis and Getis. Human Geography: Landscapes of Human Activities. New York: McGraw-Hill, Knox, Paul and Marston, Sallie. Human Geography. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education, Kuby, Harner and Gober. Human Geography in Action. Wiley, 2010