Nationalism and Imperialism -Key Concepts-

I. Nationalism Romantic Nationalism Romantic Nationalism Change in view of political legitimacy Special National Mission Special National Mission Tough-Minded Realism Tough-Minded Realism Systems of Government Rebellions of 1848

I. Nationalism (cont) Tough-Minded Realism after 1848 Tough-Minded Realism after State-focused politics --The Dominance of “Realpolitik”— expedience and power Creation of the Modern Nation-State System, often through war Creation of the Modern Nation-State System, often through war

II. The Power of Competitive Nationalism Competition pursued in almost all areas of activity Competition pursued in almost all areas of activity Each nation refused to recognize any interests other than its own Each nation refused to recognize any interests other than its own Each nation was determined to prove its inherent historic superiority Each nation was determined to prove its inherent historic superiority

II. The Power of Competitive Nationalism (cont) International Application of Social Darwinism International Application of Social Darwinism Remaining Nationalistic “Hot Spots” Remaining Nationalistic “Hot Spots” Russia and the Crimean War ( ) Ireland and Home Rule Balkan Region

Imperialism Action the practice of extending the power, control or rule by one country over areas outside its borders. The areas so controlled or ruled may be called that country's empire.

“The Sun never sets on the Union Jack”

Imperialism Cecil Rhodes: He liked to "paint the map British red", and declared: "all of these stars... these vast worlds that remain out of reach. If I could, I would annex other planets". Cecil Rhodes: He liked to "paint the map British red", and declared: "all of these stars... these vast worlds that remain out of reach. If I could, I would annex other planets".

Imperialism Attitude the attitude of superiority, subordination and domination over foreign peoples.

I. Historical Imperialism Mostly economic penetration before New imperialism Mostly economic penetration before New imperialism Assumption Assumption Costs exceed profits from colonialism Colonies would sooner or later demand independence

II. New Imperialism The Great Age of Imperialism ( ) The Great Age of Imperialism ( )--Africa --South Pacific Islands --Southeast Asia --China --Central Asia

III. Causes of this Imperialistic Enthusiasm Missionary Activity and the Anti- Slavery Movement Missionary Activity and the Anti- Slavery Movement --Dr. David Livingstone Scientific Curiosity Scientific Curiosity A New Breed of Adventurers A New Breed of Adventurers --Carl Peters

III. Causes of this Imperialistic Enthusiasm (cont) --Cecil Rhodes --Boer War ( ) International Prestige through a Darwinian Struggle International Prestige through a Darwinian Struggle National Security and Naval Bases National Security and Naval Bases --Alfred T. Mahan

IV. Economic Motivations for Imperialistic Enthusiasm Belief that new markets must be found to prevent financial downturns Belief that new markets must be found to prevent financial downturns --revived mercantilism Source of Raw Materials Source of Raw Materials Target for Excess Capital Target for Excess Capital

IV. Economic Motivations: Analysis European countries did not invest primarily in colonies European countries did not invest primarily in colonies --Only 10% of French investments in their colonies—only 5% for the Germans Trade followed the same pattern Trade followed the same pattern --Only 25% of British Trade with its colonies— only 11% for the French and.4% for the Germans European countries did the greatest volume of business with each other European countries did the greatest volume of business with each other Most important economic motivation: raw materials Most important economic motivation: raw materials

The Fusion of Nationalism and Imperialism

Huge Power Gap between European and non-European states Huge Power Gap between European and non-European states “Gunboat Diplomacy” Battle of Omdurman (1898) The Second Opium War ( )

The Fusion of Nationalism and Imperialism (cont) European Rivalries intensified by imperialism European Rivalries intensified by imperialism India: The Pride of British Imperialism India: The Pride of British Imperialism The Growth of Popular Imperial Literature The Growth of Popular Imperial Literature Rudyard Kipling

The Fusion of Racism and Imperialism Social Darwinism: “Fit” versus “Unfit” Races Social Darwinism: “Fit” versus “Unfit” Races “The White Man’s Burden” “The White Man’s Burden” Disrespect and condescension toward indigenous peoples and cultures Disrespect and condescension toward indigenous peoples and cultures