Turning Points of the Civil War

War in the East:

George B. McClellan  Appointed to lead the army of the Potomac – or the Union army in Virginia  McClellan was slow– he drilled his men for half a year  “Seven Days Battle” – a series of battles where the Union forces try to capture Richmond. (June 25 – July ) victory for the Confederates!

 Second Battle of Bull Run – another resounding victory for the Confederates & now Lee decided to enter into enemy soil  McClellan has a tremendous stroke of luck – found Lee’s army orders wrapped around a bunch of cigars  ANTIETAM – Bloodiest single day in American history – Casualties totaled more than 26,000 – happened September 17, 1862 in Maryland – Stalemate – Union victory because CSA - retreats

Battle of Antietam “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” 23,000 casualties September 17, 1862

 Emancipation Proclamation – because of the Union victory at Antietam – Lincoln presents to the public his Emancipation Proclamation (Military Tactic)  States – slaves are free in all states that are in rebellion against the USA(Union)  What about border states?

Emancipation in 1863

The Road to Gettysburg: 1863

Road to Gettysburg  Shortly after Antietam, Lincoln became Frustrated with McClellan b/c – he could have destroyed Lee’s retreating army but he let them go untouched  Nov – McClellan replaced with Gen. Ambrose Burnside

Fredricksburg  Dec. 8, 1862 –Burnside ordered a series of attacks on Lee – located at Fredericksburg Va. Union suffered 12,000 casualties, twice as many as the CSA  Lincoln replaces Burnside with Gen. Joseph Hooker

Chancellorsville  Hooker devised a plan to attack Lee’s troops at Fredericksburg  He would divide his troops  Some would stay at Fredericksburg  Others would leave go west and attack Lee’s troops from the west  May 2, 1863 Lee’s troops attacked Hookers forces at Chancellorsville  CSA outnumbered 2-1, won and Hooker surrendered on May 5, 1863

Battle of Gettysburg  Having weakened the Union Forces – Lee wanted to invade the Union  Lincoln replaced Hooker with Meade  Lee moved North – some of his troops forged into Gettysburg  When they arrived the CSA ran into Union troops under the command of John Buford  1 st day – Union troops were pushed out of the town into hills directly south

Gettysburg  2 nd day – Lee attacked but the Union Held their Ground  Cemetary Hill  Cemetary Ridge  Little Round Top 3 rd Day – Lee ordered a massive attack of 15,000 troops under General Pickett and A.P. Hill – (mile wide line of troops) 7,000 casualties in less than a half hour

Gettysburg  Less than 5,000 troops made it up Gettysburg  Lee quickly rallied his troops and ordered a retreat  Sever blow to both sided  Union 23,000 casualties  CSA 28,000 casualties

Gettysburg Casualties

Gettysburg Address  In Nov, 1863 – Lincoln came to Gettysburg to dedicate a portion of the battlefield as a military cemetery  He was not the key note speaker – spoke for 2hrs  Lincoln spoke for 5 minutes

The War in the West, 1863: Vicksburg Vicksburg

Vicksburg Mississippi  Was the last stronghold for the Confederates on the Miss. River  GRIERSON’S Raid  Grant Intended to march on the city from the southern part of Mississippi  In order to maneuver troops into position he needed a diversion  He sent Grierson to take 1700 troops on a cavalry raid through Mississippi

Vicksburg  Grierson went on a two week raid of Mississippi ---  This gave Grant time to set up his troops and enter Miss from the south  From this point Grant ordered a march directly east --- commanding his troops to live by foraging

Vicksburg  Grant marched 180 miles in 17 days fighting 5 battles and killing 7,200 confederates  May 1863 – Grant launched to assaults on the city- both repelled  Grant decided the only way to take the city was by seige  July 4 th 1863 the Confederates surrender

The North Initiates the Draft, 1863

Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC

Recruiting Blacks in NYC

NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)

A “Pogrom” Against Blacks

Inflation in the South

The Progress of War:

Grant  Grant’s successes in the West make him General in Chief of the entire Union Army  Chickamauga  Chatanooga  Wilderness to Cold Harbor  Seige of Petersburg  Farragut and Mobile  The Fall of Atlanta - Sherman

Grant  Sherman – Nov – marches to the sea (Total War)  Destruction 60 miles wide  Turned North and headed to South Carolina  Did not spare SC  Thirteenth Amendment

Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)

Presidential Election Results: 1864

The Final Virginia Campaign:

Surrender  April 1 st 1865 – Union troops cut the last rail lines into Petersburg  Lees troops left their positions and fled west  Attempt failed – Sheridan’s Calvary blocked Lee off at Appomattox

Terms of Surrender  US would not persecute southern troops for treason  Let them take horses to work farms  Lincoln’s Assassination

Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865

Casualties on Both Sides

Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars

Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

The Assassin John Wilkes Booth

The Assassination

WANTED~~!!WANTED~~!!

Now He Belongs to the Ages!

The Execution