C HAPTER 3: T HE R OAD TO S TATEHOOD Titan Blaster #4: List at least ten places in Mississippi that have Native American names.

M ISSISSIPPI – E ARLY N ATIVE A MERICANS The place we call Mississippi was first a frontier, then a territory, and finally a state. The Paleo Period Early native Americans may have come from Asia by crossing the Bearing Strait and migrating to Mississippi due to our warm weather. They followed large animals and hunted them for food and to make clothing.

M ISSISSIPPI – E ARLY N ATIVE A MERICANS The Archiac Period The climate became warmer and drier and many big animals died out. Native Americans in Mississippi settled down and stopped wandering around. They hunted deer and other small animals, fished and gathered foods. They had no writing system, but did use stone tools.

M ISSISSIPPI – E ARLY N ATIVE A MERICANS The Woodland Period Native Americans developed highly organized societies. They were called moundbuilders - North American societies that built burial mounds over tombs. They lived along streams and learned to farm.

M ISSISSIPPI – E ARLY N ATIVE A MERICANS In the Woodland Period, Native Americans began to use bow and arrows. They made pottery.

M ISSISSIPPI – E ARLY N ATIVE A MERICANS The Mississippian Period The second largest Indian mound is the Emerald Mound near Natchez. One mound near Natchez was built in stages. One mound was used for temple in which the bones of dead leaders were kept. The “Great Sun” or leader of the Natchez lived on the other. The Choctaw made a 22 foot high mound near Louisville, MS called Nanih Waiya. They grew maize, or corn, and made tools for farming.

C HAPTER 3: T HE R OAD TO S TATEHOOD Titan Blaster #5 – Complete the four “It’s Your Turn” questions on page 55. TURN ALL 5 IN TODAY. There is NO reason anyone else’s bell work should be on your desk.

N ATIVE A MERICANS SOCIETIES The largest tribes in MS were the Chickasaw, Choctaw and Natchez. The Biloxi had a unique language while the other tribes had similar ones. Within each village were clans or related families. The clan punished criminals and provided protection. It sought revenge for murders. It had to approve marriages. Marrying outside of the clan was called exogamy. All children belonged to the mother’s clan. A boy’s closest relative was his uncle not his father. Occasionally, a man would have two wives, usually sisters. That was known as polygamy.

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS The first explorers in Mississippi were Spanish. Spaniard Hernando de Soto explored the area looking for gold and silver. His expedition killed over 4,000 Native Americans mostly by diseases they brought.

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS Since de Soto’s men brought some of the first horses and pigs to America, the Indians did not know how to fight mounted soldiers.

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS In 1542, de Soto had convinced the Indians that he was a god. When he died, his men buried him secretly and tried to sneak away.

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS The French came next. In 1673, Louis Jolliet and Father Marquette sailed down the MS River looking for the Pacific Ocean.

C HAPTER 3: E UROPEAN S ETTLEMENT Titan Blaster #1 1. What reason did the Spaniard Hernando de Soto come to America? 2. Why did the French come to MS?

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS The first European settlement in Mississippi was Fort Maurepas. Iberville was given credit for building the fort.

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS Fort Maurepas had a poor water supply, few traders, poor soil, and no easy access into the interior so it was abandoned. Bienville established New Orleans in 1718.

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS Many French Canadians traveled up and down the MS River. After many were killed by Indians near Natchez, Bienville sailed up river and captured many chiefs. They were held hostage until the murderers were executed.

E UROPEAN EXPLORERS The French built Fort Rosalie near the site in Natchez. They were safe until 1729.

N ATIVE A MERICANS AND E UROPEANS In the French and Indian War, the French were supported by the Choctaws. The English had allies with the Chickasaw, Natchez and Creek. The Indians were “bought” by trading items such as guns and gun powder.

N ATIVE A MERICANS AND E UROPEANS When France lost the war, it gave all its property east of the Mississippi River except New Orleans to England. When MS was acquired by the British, it was placed in the province of West Florida.

S PANISH CONTROL After the Revolutionary War, Natchez was captured by the Spanish.

S PANISH CONTROL Under Spanish rule, the population of Natchez tripled from 2,000 to 6,900. The Spanish governor, Manuel Gayoso, encouraged immigration to Mississippi with generous land grants, fertile land and religious tolerance of Protestants. The most important crop grown in the Natchez District was cotton.

C HAPTER 3: T HE R OAD TO S TATEHOOD Titan Blaster #2 – Complete the four “It’s Your Turn” questions on page 72.

S PANISH CONTROL Pinckney’s Treaty granted Americans the right to deposit their good in New Orleans ports to get them ready for ocean export. Since travel by roads was difficult at best, river travel was very important.

US CONTROL OF M ISSISSIPPI When the Americans took over Mississippi, the largest population was Native Americans. The Natchez Trace connected Natchez to Nashville. Many stands or motels sprang up.

US CONTROL OF M ISSISSIPPI The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 guided new territories into the USA. It did prohibit slavery. When MS population reached 60,000 people (excluding Indians), it could apply. The first territorial governor was Winthrop Sargent.

T HE C APITOL Natchez was the first capital. Sectionalism, an allegiance to local interests, became a big issue in Natchez. The capital was then moved to Washington when President Jefferson named W.C.C. Clairborne governor. It was moved because too many rich plantation owners influenced decisions.

T HE C APITOL At this time, Mississippi was split into two with the eastern part being named Alabama. Washington prospered as the territory capital until Jackson was chosen as the state’s capital.

S TATEHOOD After being split, Mississippi became the twentieth state on December 10, A constitution sets up the framework for the government and determines its power and limits. David Holmes became our first state governor.

C HAPTER 3: T HE R OAD TO S TATEHOOD Titan Blaster #3 – Complete the first four questions in the section “Understanding the Facts” on page 74.